Wicariye igisasu niba urya imigati, capati… bipfunyitse mu mpapuro zanditseho

Gupfunyika amandazi, amasambusa, imigati, capati n’ibindi biribwa bihiye, bimaze kuba umuco hirya no hino mu Rwanda, cyane cyane muri butike zo muri karitsiye.

Gusa icyo benshi batazi ni ingaruka z’uruvangitirane rw’ibyo biryo na wino iba iri kuri izo mpapuro zirimo iz’ibinyamakuru, ibizamini by’akazi na fotokopi z’indangamuntu.

Dr Justin Kabera wigisha ibihumanya (toxicology) muri Koleji ya Polisi y’i Musanze no muri Kaminuza Gatulika y’u Rwanda, avuga ko iyo wino iyo igeze mu mubiri itera kanseri ikanamunga amagufa.

“Iyo wino igizwe n’uruvange rw’ibintu bitanga amabara atandukanye, byivanga bikaba nk’amazi, harimo ubutare bwa plomb n’ubundi bwa Cadrium,” nk’uko Dr Kabera yabibwiye Izubarirashe.rw

“Wino n’amandazi birivanga umuntu akabirya, kubera muri wino rero harimo iyo plomb, ijya mu maraso iciye mu mara mato, ikagenda ikirundanya mu magufa. Iyo imaze kwirundanya mu magufa rero igenda iyamunga gake gake. Plomb ijya mu magufa ikaba ishobora guteramo kanseri, kandi iyo bimaze kuba byinshi mu maraso bigenda byirundanya bikajya n’ahandi, bikazagera no mu ruhago rw’inkari, bikagera mu mpyiko bikaba byayangiza, kandi iyo impyiko yangiritse ni ikibazo gikomeye, hazamo za dialyse ugashaka umuntu waguha impyiko, kuko umubiri ntubasha gusohora imyanda inyuze mu nkari.”

Yunzemo ati “Iyo cadrium na yo itera kanseri yo mu mpyiko no mu gifu. Mbere na mbere bijya mu mara (small intestine) ni ho ibintu byose bica bijya mu maraso, byajya mu maraso bigakwirakwira mu mubiri wose.”

Uyu mugabo uzobereye mu bumenyi bw’ibihumanya, avuga ko ikibabaje ari uko abantu bakomeza kwica imibiri yabo batabizi, kuko ingaruka zigaragara zitinze.

Ati “Ibintu nka biriya by’uburozi (chemicals), hari ibyo bita acute toxicity na chronic toxicity. Rapid ni ibigira ingaruka vuba, mu gihe kiri munsi y’umwaka, hakaba n’ibi turimo kuvuga biri chronic, bigira ingaruka zigaragara hashize nk’umwaka, zikaba zishobora no kugaragara nyuma y’imyaka icumi. Kuba bigaragara hashize igihe kirekire bishobora kwica abantu buhoro buhoro. Ingaruka zabyo zigaragara zitinze kuko bisaba ko bibanza kwirundanya mu mubiri kugeza igihe umubiri uzananirwa.”

Dr Kabera ufite impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga (PhD) mu bijyanye n’imiti (pharmaceutics), avuga ko ikibazo cya wino ivangwa n’ibiryo cyagaragaye cyane mu Buhinde, Leta ikagihagurukira.

Ati “Mu Buhinde byarabaye babyandikaho kenshi cyane, bashyiraho n’amategeko abibuza, amategeko agena ibyujuje ubuziranenge. Ni ikibazo gikomeye kuko iyo ubwo burozi butera kanseri. Mu Buhinde na ho ni abantu bagira isuku nkeya ariko abategetsi barabihagurukira, nubwo bidakuraho ko bikomeza gukorwa rwihishwa.”

Avuga ko gupfunyika ibiryo mu mpapuro zanditseho ari ikibazo gikwiye gushakirwa umuti mu maguru mashya, abacuruzi n’abaguzi bakamenya ko bishyira ubuzima bwa muntu mu kaga.

Charles Karangwa, umwarimu muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda mu Ishuri ry’Ubuvuzi, na we avuga ko umuti w’ikaramu ufite ingaruka ku mubiri w’umuntu.

Avuga ko wino ikoranye ‘organic compounds/composés organiques’ ku buryo “ishobora gutera indwara zo mu myanya y’ubumekero bikagira ingaruka z’igihe kirekire.”

Intandaro y’ikibazo

Kayigema Damien ufite butike ku Gishushu mu Karere ka Gasabo, avuga ko apfunyika mu mpapuro zanditseho kuko zihendutse ugereranyije na amvelope (enveloppes) zujuje ubuziranenge.

Ati “Enveloppes zirabura abantu bakisanga bakwiye gupfunyika muri ibyo binyamakuru kuko bigura make, ikilo ukigura amafaranga 300 mu gihe amvelope zemewe ikilo kiri hejuru y’ibihumbi 2.”

Izo mpapuro zishaje zo ziva he? Kayigema avuga ko ziba ziganjemo ibinyamakuru abantu bamaze gusoma bakabita, ati “Hari n’ibyo mujyana mu biro by’abayobozi barangiza kubisoma bakabishyira muri poubelle (ingarani).

Karangwa Joseph na we ucuruza muri butiki, avuga ko izo mpapuro bapfunyikamo ibiribwa, usibye ibinyamakuru habaho n’izitoragurwa mu ngarani zo mu bigo by’amashuri.

Ati “Abashinzwe amasuku akenshi ni bo babikusanya, bakabigurisha kuri make. Hari ababikoramo utu amvelope duhendutse, twabura izemewe tukatwiyambaza.”

Nkiva kuri iyi butike nahise ninjira mu yindi iri hafi yayo, nsanga hari umugabo barimo gufungira isambusa mu mpapuro z’imyanzuro y’urukiko.

Abajijwe impamvu apfunyika muri izo mpapuro, umucuruzi yasubije ko ari ukwiyaranja kuko “amvelope za kaki” zemewe na Leta zihenze ndetse zikaba zidapfa no kuboneka.

Avuga ko mu buryo butunguranye umwaka ushize igiciro cy’ikilo cya ambalaje cyahindaguritse, kikava kuri 1.400Rwf ubu kikaba kiri kuri 2.500Rwf.

Ati “Icyo gihe yaguraga ikilo cya ambalaje ku mafaranga 1400, sinzi ibibazo byigeze kubaho bavuga ngo zituruka muri Kenya n’ahandi, bavuga ko izavagayo zisa n’izitacyinjira mu Rwanda.”

Ahamya ko guhenda kwa ambalaje kwateje ikibazo mu mipfunyikire kuko umucuruzi areba agasanga aka ambalaje kamwe gahagaze amafaranga ari hagati ya 40 na 50, yatekereza kugapfunyikamo irindazi ry’amafaranga ijana akumva yahomba.

Ati “Icyo kilo kigura 2.500Rwf kiba kirimo ambalaje nka 60, nujya muri za Simba uzasanga baguha amvelope batikandagira kuko irindazi barigurisha 300 twe tukagurisha 100.”

Ibivugwa na Kayigema bisa n’ibishimangirwa na Callixte Nzayisenga urangura amvelope ku ruganda, akazigurisha abacuruzi, wemeza ko zahenze cyane mu mwaka ushize.

Ihenda ryazo na we arihuza no kuba izavaga muri Kenya zaragabanutse cyane, nyuma y’aho Kenya ifatiye icyemezo cyo guca amashashi muri Kanama 2017.

Ati “Hari ama amvelope yavaga muri Kenya ya Mafuko n’andi yavaga i Kampala, ayo ntitukiyabona. Noneho rya soko ryacu twari dufite ritaduhagije Kenya yarahindukiye iza kuriduteraho, noneho aba banyenganda b’abanyarwanda banga guhaza isoko ryacu ahubwo bumva ko bagiye guhereza abo muri Kenya cyane. Nk’ubu shaka nimero kabiri, ni yo ijyamo ikilo cy’umunyu, ikilo cy’isukari, ntabwo wapfa kuyibona. Iba irimo ibiro 30, yavuye ku bihumbi 36 igera ku bihumbi 65 ubu ngubu.

Uyu mugabo ariko avuga ko usibye amvelope nimero 2, ubundi bwoko bwo buboneka ariko na bwo bukaba bwarahenze. Ati “Nimero 5 na nimero 3 ziraboneka ku bihumbi 60. Nimero 3 ni ijyamo ikilo cy’ifu cy’ubugari, 5 ijyamo ibiro bibiri by’isukari, 2 ijyamo ikilo cy’isukari cyangwa icy’umunyu. Ikilo cya nimero 5 na 3 ngitanga kuri 2.300Rwf nagifashe kuri 2.000Rwf, nashyiraho n’ay’ubwikorezi bikaba hafi muri 2,100Rwf. 

Inganda zikora amvelope zibivugaho iki?

Brian Ngarambe uyobora uruganda rwitwa Bonus Enterprise Ltd rukora amvelope, ntahakana ko icibwa ry’amasashi muri Kenya ryagize ingaruka ku Rwanda.

Gusa avuga ko abacuruzi bo mu Rwanda batabuze amvelope “kuko ubwo icyo kibazo cyo muri Kenya cyagaragaraga twahanganye na cyo, tugabanya ibyo twoherezaga hanze.”

Bonus Enterprise Ltd ikorera Nyanza ya Kicukiro ikaba ikora toni 250 za amvelope ku kwezi, ubuyobozi bwayo bukavuga ko toni 200 zigenerwa isoko ryo mu Rwanda.

Ngarambe ati “Abacuruzi bavuga ko babuze amvelope barabeshya kuko n’ubu uje iwacu wasanga zihari, ubundi uruganda rwacu rukora amatoni 250 ku kwezi, envelope zisohoka hanze twarazigabanyije ku buryo dushyirayo nk’amatoni 50, andi matoni 200 agasigara mu Rwanda, mbere twajyanagayo amatoni ari hagati ya 80-120.”

Abajijwe impamvu amvelope zahenze niba zitarabuze ku isoko, Ngarambe yasubije ko byatewe n’izamuka ry’idolari, kandi ko izamuka ry’ibiciro ari ikibazo rusange.

Ati “Nk’idolari se aho ryari riri mu bihumbi bibiri na kangahe uyu munsi riri kuri angahe? Iyo dukora ziriya amvelope byose tubikura hanze, ibintu byose bigenda birushaho guhenda.”

Ngarambe ariko nubwo avuga ko amvelope zitabuze ku isoko, arahindukira akavuga ko hari izishyirwa ku isoko ryo mu Rwanda Abanyakenya barekereje, bakazisamira hejuru.

Ati “Imbogamizi ibaho ni uko Abanyakenya basigaye baza ku isoko ryo mu Rwanda, tukibeshya ko ziguma hano ariko bo baragaruka bakagenda bazitoragura aho twazishyize.”

Yunzemo ati “Banazigura ku mafaranga menshi kandi umuntu ntiyaguha amafaranga menshi ngo uyange ufate amakeya. Gusa sitwe tuzibagurisha, bazigurishwa n’abo tuzigurisha.” 

Ese koko amvelope ziri ku isoko zirahagije?

Nyuma yo kubwirwa ko abacuruzi bavuga ko babura amvelope zirimo nimero 2 ijyamo ikilo cy’isukari babeshya, nanyarukiye ku bubiko bwa Bonus Enterprise buri Rwandex.

Gusa mbere yo kuhagera nabanje kunyura ku iduka riri hafi aho, mpahurira n’umugabo uranguza amvelope, ambwira ko arangura kuri Bonus Enterprise ariko ko amvelope nimero 2 yazibuze.

“Iyo Bonus Enterprise ni yo itugurisha amvelope. Niba bakubwira ko na nimero 2 bazifite genda wigize nk’umuguzi usanzwe, ntubabwire ko uri umunyamakuru, urebe ko uzihasanga.”

Yunzemo ati “Nugira amahirwe baraguha uturo (ibiro) tubiri cyangwa dutanu, ariko ikarito y’ibiro 30 ibona umugabo igasiba undi. Nibakubwira ko ihari uyifate ndaza nkungure.”

Nkigera kuri stock y’uru ruganda, nahasanze abantu batandukanye biganjemo abari gupakira mu tumodoka amvelope bari bamaze kugura, mu gihe abandi barimo baganira n’abazicuruza.

Hari nka saa tano za mu gitondo. Nasanze mu bubiko koko harimo amveloppe nyinshi, buri wese bamuha izo yasabye, ariko nsabye nimero kabiri bambwira gutegereza.

“Ushaka ibiro bingahe, ubuhe bwoko?” Ni ko umusore nasanzemo yambajije. Namusubije nti “Ndashaka nimero 2 ibiro 30.” Nta kuzuyaza yahise ambwira ati “N’abashaka bitanu babibuze.”

Mbajije impamvu byabuze, uyu musore yambwiye ko bisaba gukora commande mbere, waba utakoze commande ukaza ugategereza igihe zibonekera.

“Urategereza nimugoroba wenda zishobora kuboneka, nako ba utegereje gato wenda ndebe ko iriya karito wayibona, ariko ndakeka ari iy’undi.” Uku ni ko yambwiye.

Mu kanya gato umuyobozi we yahise ahagera, amubaza niba iyo karito nshobora kuyihabwa, asa n’uzuyazamo gake ariko mu kanya arambwira ati “ishyura uyitware.”

Umwe mu baguzi nahasanze, yambwiye ko akenshi kubona nimero 2 biba ari amahirwe, ko akenshi usanga hari nke, ugahabwa ibiro nka bibiri cyangwa bitanu.

Ati “Ibi biraduhungabanya kuko nkanjye mba mfite abacuruzi benshi baza kugura amvelope iwanjye, iyo bampaye ibiro bitanu urumva ko hari abacuruzi benshi baza bagasanga zashize.”

MINICOM ivuga ko iki kibazo itari ikizi

Mugwiza Télesphore ushinzwe iterambere ry’inganda muri Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda (MINICOM), avuga ko ikibazo cy’ubuke bwa amvelope ku isoko ryo mu Rwanda atari akizi.

Avuga ko MINICOM igiye gukurikirana ikamenya imiterere yacyo n’ingaruka cyaba gifite kuri sosiyete.

Yabwiye Izubarirashe.rw ati “Ayo makuru ntabwo nari nyafite neza gusa nanjye ku isoko nigeze kugerayo mbona za amvelope zari zagabanutse, nkeka ko wenda ari production (umusaruro w’inganda) yari yabaye nke ariko nk’uko ubinsobanuriye ndumva ari ikibazo cyo gukurikirana, ariko icyo gihe ibyo nabonaga muri butike, zari zarabonetse.”

 REMA isanga iki kibazo gihangayikishije

Ubundi mbere y’umwaka wa 2008 mu Rwanda hakoreshwaga amashashi, acibwa kubera ingaruka agira ku bidukikije.

Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe ibidukikije (REMA) cyashyize ingufu mu guca amashashi, kigasaba abaturage kwimakaza umuco wo gukoresha amvelope za kaki.

Kuri iyi nshuro, REMA ivuga ko iki kibazo cy’abavuga ko babura amvelope kireba MINICOM kurusha uko kireba REMA, igasaba ko ababishinzwe babikurikirana ku buryo nta munyarwanda wongera kurya ibiryo bivanze n’uburozi.

Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije no kurwanya ibihumanya ibidukikije muri REMA,  Duhuze Remy Norbert, yabwiye Izubarirashe.rw ati “Natwe ku bwacu uko tubibona ni ikibazo, kiriya gipapuro kiba gifite ikindi cyagenewe, ink (wino) ubwayo ni uburozi birazwi. Ikindi cya kabiri n’abandi baba bagiye bakorakoraho (ku mpapuro), abantu bose baba bakozeho bafite intoki zanduye, urumva ni umwanda.”

Twashatse kumenya uko Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuziranenge (RSB) gifata iki kibazo n’ingamba zaba zihari zo kugikemura, ariko ntibyadukundira.

 Ibitekerezo by’abaturage

 Musinga Abdulkarim Callixte: Tekereza urupapuro rwanditseho rwakorereshejwe, intoki z’abantu ruba rwaranyuzemo wibaze ku mwanda uba uri ku ntoki warangiza ugapfunyikamo ibyo kurya, kandi tukagaruka tukavuga ngo ‘twoge intoki mbere yo kurya!’ Noneho ugiye kurya umwanda w’intoki z’abantu 1000, aboze n’abatoze, abafashe umwanda w’ubwoko bwose kheeeee! 

Mukarugwiza Alice: Gupfunyika mu bipapuro rwose mbifata nabi. Nagiye kugura ubunyobwa bagiye kukimfunyikiramo mbabwira ko ntashobora kucyemera, mbabwira ko bampa iyo amvelope nibayibura babureke. Iyo ngiye guhaha rwose ntibashobora kwibeshya ngo babimfunyikiremo, kuko ubunyobwa bwo ubwabwo bufite amavuta, burayenga, noneho bihita bihinduka wino kurushaho. Buriya ubunyobwa n’amandazi ni ibintu biyenga, amavuta yabyo atuma wino iyenga kurushaho, birivanga rero umuntu ugasanga ariye biriya bintagazi. Niba bapfunyitsemo ibirayi cyangwa ibitoki byaba bifite injyana ariko gufata ikintu kirimo amavuta ukakivanga na wino kandi amavuta ubwayo ahita ahinguka inyuma ku gipapuro bihita biyenga bikivanga.

Nesta Narcisse Rutagengwa: Ikibazo ntabwo ari ibikoresho byo gupfunyika byabuze cyangwa bihenze, ahubwo hari abantu badakunda impinduka kuko hari gahunda nyinshi zizwi ndetse z’ingirakamaro usanga abaturage badashaka kuzumva. Nk’urugero uretse n’ayo mashashi cyangwa ibifuniko, umuntu yanga kwishyura mutuelle ngo ntajya arwara cyangwa akanga kuva mu manegeka ngo ntiyasiga isambu yo ku ivuko.

Yanditswe na Janvier Popote, itangazwa bwa mbere n’Izuba Rirashe.