Guverinoma y’Ubumwe yagiyeho kuri iyi tariki ya 19 Nyakanga mu 1994. Hari hashize amezi 45 n’iminsi 19 urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rutangiye. Mu gihugu ntabwo intambara yari yakarangiye neza, ndetse imiborogo yari ikiri yose, ntabwo byari ibihe by’ibyishimo nk’uko muri ibi bihe abantu bishimira ubuyobozi bushya.
Ijya kujyaho hari hashize iminsi mike ingabo za RPA zifashe Butare, kuko byabaye ku itariki ya 03 Nyakanga. Mbere gato y’uko bigerwaho kandi, bivugwa ko hari habaye ugukozanyaho kw’ingabo za RPA n’iz’u Bufaransa zari mu Rwanda icyo gihe.
Ruhengeri yari imaze iminsi itanu ifashwe kuko byabaye ku ya 14 Nyakanga, Gisenyi ku ya 17 Nyakanga. Kuri iyo tariki nibwo uwari Perezida wa FPR-Inkotanyi, Colonel Alexis Kanyarengwe, yavuze ijambo rikomeye ko hagiye kujyaho Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda.
Mugesera Antoine wahoze ari umusenateri, yabwiye IGIHE muri iryo jambo havuzwe ko guverinoma izajyaho ku itariki 19 Nyakanga ndetse ko MRND, ishyaka rya Habyarimana Juvenal na CDR, yombi yagize uruhare mu gutegura no gukora Jenoside, atazaba ayirimo.
Ati “Yari guverinoma yaguye ariko ariya mashyaka yombi avuga ko atazajyamo. Icyo gihe ku itariki 17 Nyakanga ni nabwo yavuze ko hazajyaho umwanya wa Visi Perezida w’Igihugu. Anavuga ko hazajyaho Inteko Ishinga Amategeko irimo n’abasirikare, ntibavuze itariki ariko bavuze ko izajyaho mu minsi iri imbere. Banavuze ko imitwe yose itarijanditse muri Jenoside, izahuriza hamwe ikarema ingabo z’igihugu.”
Ku itariki ya 18 Nyakanga, Gen Maj Paul Kagame nibwo yavuze ko intambara irangiye, maze ku wa 19 Nyakanga hatangazwa Guverinoma.
Iyi Guverinoma yagiyeho nyuma y’iminsi mike Pasteur Bizimungu yemejwe nka Perezida wa Repubulika, ndetse hari hashize iminsi ibiri byemejwe n’amasezerano ya Arusha ko Twagiramungu Faustin agomba kuba Minisitiri w’Intebe.
Mu baminisitiri 17 bari bagize iyo guverinoma, umunani bari abo muri FPR Inkotanyi, batatu bo muri MDR, batatu bo muri PL, babiri bo muri PSD n’umwe wo muri PDC. Tariki 19 Nyakanga harahiye abaminisitiri 14, abandi bongerwamo tariki 20 Nyakanga.
Ni guverinoma yari igizwe n’abasivili hafi ya yose, mu kwereka abaturage ko basubijwe ubuyobozi, ingabo zikaberaho kubarinda nyuma yo kubabohora.
Imyanya yatanzwe hakurikijwe ibyagenwaga n’amasezerano ya Arusha ariko imyanya ya MRND ihabwa FPR Inkotanyi kuko Perezida yabaye uwa FPR, hajyaho n’umwanya wa Visi Perezida. Gusa hari imyanya FPR yagiye iha abandi bantu batari mu mashyaka nk’uwahawe Minisitiri w’Ubutabera n’indi.
Nyuma yaho hashyizweho Guverinoma hakurikijwe Itegeko Nshinga ryo mu 1991, amasezerano ya Arusha, ibyari byemejwe n’andi amashyaka ndetse n’ibya FPR Inkotanyi. Ibi ni byo byavuyemo Itegeko Shingiro ryakoreshejwe kugeza mu 2003 hatorwa Itegeko Nshinga, ryaje kuvugururwa mu 2015.
Umuyobozi w’Urwego rw’Igihugu Ngishwanama rw’Inararibonye, Tito Rutaremara, yabwiye IGIHE ko icyo gihe impunzi zari ziri gutahuka, ndetse igice kimwe cy’igihugu cyari mu maboko y’Abafaransa muri Zone Turquoise.
Ati “Abaturage bo muri Kigali bari baje hariya kuri CND kureba, ariko ahandi kure ntiwamenya icyo batekerezaga. Abarokotse Jenoside bari bishimye ko barokowe, ko batagipfuye, ariko burya baba basigaranye ibindi, bibuka ababo bapfuye, bati tuzabaho dute, ari ibyo bibaza. Hari abenshi bari baragiye bakurikiye bariya, sinzi ko bagiye kwishimira ko hagiyeho leta bari za Tingi-Tingi n’ahandi.”
Kurahira byabereye kuri CND – ku Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’ubu – kuko ariho hari umwanya, hashyirwa ihema abanyacyubahiro aba ariho bicara. Stade Amahoro, iya Nyamirambo zose zari zarangiritse.
Rutaremara ati “Nubwo inzu bari barayirashe ariko hari ikibuga imbere ku buryo n’abandi baza bakareba. Ntabwo nabaze abari bahari, ariko bari benshi. Urumva na kera abantu bazaga kureba aho Inkotanyi zinyuze, hari ab’amatsiko, hari abari bishimiye, abantu bose baraje.”
Mugesera avuga ko nta byishimo by’igitangaza byabayeho ndetse ngo nta bantu b’abanyamahanga benshi bitabiriye uwo muhango. Yibuka ko yahabonye Abera babiri nubwo atazi niba bari abanyamakuru cyangwa abayobozi bo mu bindi bihugu.
Ati “Abantu bari bakiri mu kajagari, intambara yari imaze umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri irangiye. Ibintu byari bitarajya mu buryo ahubwo iyo leta ni yo yagiye ibishyira mu buryo.”
Hari bamwe mu bahawe imyanya barayanga
Rutaremara asobanura ko guverinoma ya mbere yahuye n’inzitizi nyinshi, ndetse ko no kubona abayijyamo byari bigoye kuko bamwe bangaga imyanya bari bahawe ku mpamvu za politiki cyangwa izabo bwite.
Ati “Hari bamwe bahamagawe barabura. Abo nibuka hari nk’uwahoze ari Ambasaderi wa Guverinoma y’u Rwanda y’igihe cya Habyarimana witwa Kanyarushoki. Yari Ambasaderi muri Uganda, bari bazi ko nubwo yari uwa MRND, ko atigeze yinjira muri jenoside, we yari hanze. Baravuga bati uriya ntiyabikoze. We baramuhamagaye arabura ariko hari n’abandi.”
“Hari n’abandi bahamagaraga yareba iyo leta itangiye, wenda asanzwe yifitiye umwanya mwiza mu Muryango Mpuzamahanga agahakana, ariko abo ni inyungu bwite, hakaba n’ababyanze ku nyungu za politiki nka Kanyarushoki.”
Ambasaderi Pierre Claver Kanyarushoki yagombaga kuba Minisitiri w’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi muri iyo guverinoma. Bivugwa ko nyuma yagiye mu mutwe wa RDR washingiwe i Mugunga wari urimo abantu bagamije kuzisubiza ubutegetsi mu Rwanda.
Mu mwiherero w’abayobozi bakuru b’igihugu wabaye muri Gashyantare 2020, Perezida Kagame yabwiye abayobozi ko nyuma ya Jenoside, nubwo hari abayobozi babonaga neza icyerekezo cy’igihugu, hari n’abatarabikozwaga.
Ati “Ba Twagiramungu, harya n’ubu ngo aracyarwana no kuba Perezida? imyaka nawe iramujyanye usibye ko bimugoye n’ubundi atazabigeraho. Ari aho akavuga ko igihugu ari icyabo, abandi twe se? Bamwe bari badusubije mu buhunzi, ni nk’aho abo ba Twagiramungu n’abandi nka bo twabanaga muri Guverinoma, twebwe ari nk’impuhwe batugiriye, ni nk’aho kuba twaragarutse mu gihugu twicaye aho, twagakwiye kubashimira.”
“Uko ni ukuri, ibyo kujya mu iterambere, impinduka z’igihugu cyacu, kongera kugishyira hamwe, reka reka! Ibyo ntabwo ari ibyabo, ibyo bari barashyizeho abo kubikora. Ibyo byari iby’abagiraneza. Abaholandi, Ababiligi, Abafaransa, Abadage, Abanyamerika.’’
Perezida Kagame yigeze kuvuga kandi ko mu 1994 nyuma y’urugamba rwo guhagarika Jenoside, habayeho kubaka igihugu uhereye ku busa kuko nta mutungo na muke wari uhari.
Kubera ubwo bukene, igihugu cyari gifite bwatumye Abaminisitiri ba mbere babayeho nyuma ya Jenoside badahembwa kuko ntaho amafaranga yari kuva, ndetse imishahara ikaba itari mu byihutirwa.
Ubwo yari mu kiganiro kuri RBA mu 2017 yagize ati “Ndabyibuka Guverinoma ya mbere twagize tugerageza gushyira ibintu hamwe muri Nyakanga 1994; ndikugerageza kubyibuka neza gusa ndakeka kugira ngo njye mu nshingano zimwe, nshobora kuba naratiye ikoti.”
Rutaremara avuga ko abaminisitiri bashyizweho icyo gihe batangiye gukora bashyizeho umutima nubwo nyuma hari bamwe bateshutse ku nshingano zabo, atanga urugero kuri Jean Marie Vianney Ndagijimana wabaye Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, akaza kuva mu Rwanda atorokanye ibihumbi 200 by’amadolari yari ahawe kugira ngo ayifashishe mu gufungura za Ambasade.
Ati “Naho ubundi abantu bose bari bagiye muri guverinoma bagendaga birwanaho no kugeza ku gukubura, ugasanga ni nabo bakubura aho bakorera, nibo bashaka ibyo bari bukorereho, kuko nta bandi babagaba bahari.”
“Ba minisitiri nibo bagiyeho bashaka abandi bakozi, bashaka n’abakora amasuku. Amafaranga yakoreshejwe icyo gihe ni ayo FPR yari yarasaguye. Inshingano yari iyo gutangira, hagashyirwaho umutekano w’abantu n’ibintu, ubundi ibindi bikaza nyuma.”
Uko Bizimungu yabaye Perezida
Bizimungu Pasteur ni we wabaye Perezida wa Repubulika yashyizeho ku wa 19 Nyakanga 1994, umunsi nawe yatangiye imirimo.
Mugesera Antoine asobanura ko yari umwe mu bari muri Komisiyo ya FPR Inkotanyi yari ishinzwe gutoranya umuntu waba Perezida wa Repubulika. Yari irimo abandi nka Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda muri Uganda, Frank Mugambage ndetse na Ambasaderi Nyinawumwami Christine.
Gen Maj Paul Kagame yari yaramenyesheje FPR Inkotanyi ko adashaka kuba Perezida, nk’uko nawe ubwe inshuro nyinshi yakunze kujya abisobanura.
Mugesera avuga ko nubwo Bizimungu Pasteur yaje gutana, icyo gihe yashimwaga kubera imikoranire myiza yari yaragiranye na FPR Inkotanyi ku Mulindi.
Ati “No kugira ngo bashyireho umwanya wa Visi Perezida, kimwe mu byabiteye ni uko bashakaga ko akomeza gukorana na Perezida Paul Kagame. Bashakaga ko iyo mikoranire yabaye yo ku Mulindi ikomeza na hano bigakora. Sinzi ukuntu byadindiye ajya mu bindi.”
Ku mwanya wo kuba Perezida ngo hari abantu bawushakaga nka Perezida wa FPR Inkotanyi, Kanyarengwe. Mugesera ati “N’uriya Seth Sendashonga yari afite izo nzozi. Abo nzi ni Kanyarangwe na Seth Sendashonga.”
Asobanura uko gutoranya ugomba kuba Perezida byakozwe, yagize ati “Ntabwo kari akazi gakomeye. Umuntu aba azi abantu, ibyo bakora neza. Ni inama ikorwa mu mugoroba umwe mukajyana mu babatumye muti dore uko tubitekereza, bakabishima cyangwa bakababwira bati musubiremo. Ni ibintu byoroshye ntitwatindaga mu nama. Mwaravugaga ngo uyu yadufashije muri ibi n’ibi, n’ibi yabikora wenda tukamuha abamuba hafi, byari byoroshye cyane.”
Mu ijambo Gen Maj Paul Kagame yavuze kuri uwo munsi wo gushyiraho Guverinoma nshya, yavuze ko akazi kakiri kose bityo ko bisaba Guverinoma nshya gukoresha ingufu.
Yagize ati “Turebye aho tuva n’aho tugana, ndabona ko nta n’umwe wari ukwiye kuvuga ko twasoje inshingano zacu, ngo ajyeho yicare hasi atekereze ko ibibazo byose byarangiye. Ni igihe cyo guhaguruka tugakorera hamwe, nk’uko twabikoze mu bihe byashize bigatuma tugera aho tugeze uyu munsi, tugashyiraho guverinoma dufitiye icyizere ko izayobora igihugu ikakigeza mu nzira y’iterambere.”
Yakomeje agira ati “Ndizera ko tuzakorera hamwe mu kubaka u Rwanda rushya, guha Abanyarwanda uburenganzira bwo kwishyira bakizana. Ndetse n’abakoze ibyaha, ndumva twababwira ko bafite umwanya mu Rwanda kandi ko dufite inshingano zo kubigisha cyangwa kubahana mu gihe ari ngombwa.”
Isooko: Igihe
