Isiraheli yasabye u Rwanda kwimurira Ambasade yarwo i Yerusaremu| Ipfundo ry’Intambara

Yerusaremu, umujyi ukomeye ufite amateka maremare, kugeza ubu ni ubutaka bugibwaho impaka ndetse bwakomeje kuba rimwe mu mapfundo y’intambara mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati.

Umwe mu mijyi ishaje kurusha indi kuri iyi si dutuye, amateka yerekana ko washinzwe muri 4500BC, ukagaragazwa nk’igicumbi cy’imyemerere ya kiyuda. Judaism. By’umwihariko Torah, ibyanditswe bitagatifu bigenderwaho mu myemerere y’Abayuda, ikavuga ko Imana mu irema ryayo yahereye ku murwa wera wa Yerusalemu. Ndetse wasoma Torah, izina Yerusaremu rigaruka muri izi nyandiko inshuro 600 zose. Mu gihe Abasilamu iyo basenga barekera i Maka, Abayuda bo basenga barekera i Yerusalemu.

Yerusaremu ikaba kimwe mu bice byigaruriwe n’amashyanga menshi kurusha ibindi, ukaba kandi mu mijyi yifuzwa n’ibihugu birenze kimwe, ngira ngo mujya mukurikirana uko Isiraheli na Palestine zijya impaka kuri uyu mujyi ufatwa nk’umurwa mukuru wa buri ruhande. Isiraheli iwita uwayo, Palestine ikawita uwayo, ariko ku rwego mpuzamahanga nta bwumvikane buragerwaho bwo kwemeza ngo uyu mujyi ni uw’ikihe gihugu.

Bitewe n’impaka zigibwa kuri uyu mujyi, tutirengagije amarengayobora, igihugu gishatse gutsura umubano na Isiraheli ntikiwutekereza nk’ahantu ho gushyira ambasade mu rwego rwo kwirinda umwuka mubi wavuka hagati yacyo na Palestine ndetse n’ibihugu by’Abarabu bishyigikiye Palestine. Kugeza ubu, Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika na Guatemala, ni byo bihugu byonyine bifite ambasade zabyo i Yerusaremu, mu gihe ibindi bihugu 87 birimo u Rwanda bifite ambasade i Tel Aviv, ibindi bikazigira mu mijyi nka Herzliya.

Ambasade y’u Rwanda ishobora kwimurirwa i Yerusaremu

Amakuru agezweho, aravuga ko u Rwanda rwemereye Isiraheli ko rushobora kwimurira Ambasade yarwo i Yerusaremu, ariko kikaba ari igitekerezo kikinozwa. Byatangajwe n’Umuvugizi wa Minisitiri w’Itumanaho wa Isiraheli Yoaz Hendel mu mpera z’icyumweru gishize.

Umunsi umwe mbere y’iri tangazo, ni ukuvuga kuwa Gatanu w’icyumweru dusoje, Mnisitiri Hendel yahuye na Perezida Paul Kagame hano i Kigali, amugezaho icyifuzo cya Isiraheli, cyo kuba u Rwanda rwakwimurira Ambasade yarwo i Yerusaremu.

Perezida Kagame ngo yamusubije ko icyo ari igitekerezo kiri mu bigomba kuganirwaho, yongeraho ko kwimura iyo Ambasade ari ibintu birimo imbogamizi ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda ariko ko bizasaba ko biganirwaho hakaboneka umwanzuro mu gihe gikwiye.

Ni ibyo bamwe bagereranya n’igitego cy’agatsinsino kuri dipolomasi ya Isiraheli, kuba ibihugu bitandukanye bikomeje kwerekana ko bishobora kwimurira Ambasade zabyo i Yerusaremu. Ku bakurikira amakuru, ejo bundi aha, tariki 4 Nzeri, Serbia yatangaje ko igiye kwimurira Ambasade yayo i Yerusaremu. Uwo munsi nanone, Repubulika ya Kosovo yatangaje ko igiye gushinga Ambasade muri Isiraheli, ariko by’umwihariko iyo ambasade ikubakwa mu Mujyi wa Yerusaremu. Birumvikana ko ari inkuru nziza kuri Isiraheli kuba iyi Repubulika ya Kosovo yiganjemo abaturage b’Abasiramu yakora igikorwa nk’icyo, Kosovo ikaba ari cyo gihugu cya mbere gituwe n’Abasilamu benshi kigiye kugira Ambasade i Yerusaremu. Yari inkuru iryoshye mu matwi ya Minisitiri w’Intebe wa isiraheli Benjamin Netanyahu.

Hari ibindi bihugu byamaze gutangaza ko bizimurira Ambasade zabyo i Yerusaremu, muri byo twavuga Brazil, Repubulika ya Czeck, Repubulika ya Dominican ndetse na Honduras, umuturanyi wa Guatemala yo yamaze kugeza Ambasade yayo i Yerusaremu.

Perezida wa Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, Donald Trump, ari ku ruhembe rw’ibiryo mu gushishikariza ibindi bihugu kwimurira Ambasade zabyo i Yerusaremu mu rwego rwo kuzamura umubano hagati y’Amerika n’iki gihugu cy’Abayahudi. Gusa tukibuka ko umuryango mpuzamahanga utemera ko Yerusaremu ari igice cya Isiraheli nubwo ari yo ikiyoboye.

Mu byumweru bibiri bishize, u Bwongereza bwasohoye urutonde rw’aho abaturage bashobora gusura, kuri urwo rutonde rugaragaza Yerusaremu nk’ubutaka butabarwa kuri Isiraheli. Perezida uherutse gutorwa wa Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ariko utararahira Joe Biden, yavuze ko nagera ku butegetsi azagumisha Ambasade y’Amerika i Yerusaremu, nyuma y’aho ihimuriwe n’ubuyobozi bwa Trump mu mwaka wa 2018. Gusa abantu bagakomeza kwibaza ibihugu bizemera kwimurira Ambasade zabyo i Yerusaremu Trump nava ku butegetsi muri Mutarama 2021.

Amateka atwibutsa ko muri 2018, Paraguay yimuriye Ambasade yayo i Yerusaremu ariko hadaciye kabiri iyisubiza Tel Aviv, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Paraguay aravuga ati, “Kimwe mu bibazo biri hagati ya Isiraheli na Palestine, ni uburyo Yerusaremu ifatwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga.” Yanze ko Paraguay igaragara nk’aho hari aho ibogamiye, usibye ko nyine gusubiza Ambasade i Tel Aviv byagaragaje aho Paraguay ihagaze.

Kuba Serbia na Kosovo byakwimurira Ambasade zabyo muri Yerusaremu mu minsi iri imbere, bishobora gutuma byorohera n’umuturanyi wabyo Romania kuba yafata umwanzuro nk’uwo. Gusa tukibuka ko muri Werurwe 2019, Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Romania Viorica Dancila, yatangaje ko bazimura Ambasade yabo ariko hadaciye kabiri anyomozwa na Perezida w’icyo gihugu, ari na we ufite ijambo rya nyuma. Gusa Dancila atangaza ko nubwo atabyumva kimwe na Perezida, ariko ibitekerezo bye akibihagazeho, aho yagize ati, “Ijambo ryanjye riba ari ijambo ryanjye, nta mpinduka.

Ibindi bihugu bishobora kwimurira Ambasade zabyo i Yerusaremu ni Costa Rica na El Salvador. Ibi bihugu kuva muri 1984-2006, mu gihe cy’imyaka 22 Ambasade zabyo zabaga i Yerusaremu. Ariko nka Costa Rica, Perezida wayo Oscar Arias muri 2006 avuga ko bikwiye ko Ambasade isubira i Tel Aviv mu rwego rwo kwirinda kugirana ibibazo n’ibihugu by’Abarabu bidacana uwaka na Isiraheli. El Salvador yahise itera ikirenge mu cya Costa Rica.

Umubano wa Isiraheli n’u Rwanda

Ku byerekeye u Rwanda, Igihugu cy’Imisozi Igihumbi gifitanye umubano mwiza na Isiraheli ndetse cyagiye gishyigikira Isiraheli mu Muryango w’Abibumbye. Minisitiri ushinzwe Itumanaho muri isirahel, Hendel, aherutse mu Rwanda aho yari yaje gusinya amasezerano y’ubufatanye hagati y’igihugu cye n’u Rwanda mu bijyanye n’itumanaho ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga.

Umubano w’u Rwanda na Isiraheli si mushya kuko watangiye mu 1962. Mu mwaka wa 2015 u Rwanda rwafunguye Ambasade yarwo i Tel Aviv, hanyuma Isiraheli na yo ifungura Ambasade i Kigali nyuma y’imyaka ine, muri 2019. Ambasade ya Isiraheli mu Rwanda, yabaye iya 11 ya Isiraheli ku mugabane w’Afurika, yabanjirijwe n’iyo muri Ghana yafunguwe muri 2011.

Icyo gihe, Minisitiri w’Intebe wa isiraheli Benjamin Netanyahu akaba yaratangaje ko Isiraheli irajwe ishinga no kuzamura umubano wayo mu bya diplomasi na Afurika, adasize ibihugu byo kuri uyu mugabane bidafite Ambasade muri Isiraheli, bikagaragarira mu ngendo yakoreye muri Afurika, aho yayisuye inshuro enye mu myaka 3, harimo uruzinduko yakoreye muri Tchad ndetse akahava Perezida wa Tchad Idris Deby yemeye ko impande zombi zisubukura umubano wari warahungabanye kuva mu 1972. Ukibuka ko muri 2016, Guinea na yo yafashe umwanzuro wo gusubukura umubano na Isiraheli, nyuma y’aho iki gihugu cyo mu Burengerazuba bw’Afurika cyari cyawuhagaritse mu 1967.

Uko imyaka yagiye isimburana, u Rwanda rwakomeje kuba inshuti y’akadasohoka ya Isiraheli. Itangazo rya Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga ryasohotse ubwo hafungurwaga ambasade y’i Kigali, rikavuga ko u Rwanda ruhuje na Isiraheli kuba na rwo ari igihugu gito ariko cyifitemo ubushobozi bwinshi n’icyerekezo cy’iterambere rirambye. Iri tangazo rigakomeza rivuga ko ifungurwa rya Ambasade y’i Kigali riri mu rwego rwo gukomeza guteza imbere umubano w’ibihugu byombi mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo uburezi, iterambere ry’umugore, siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, guhanga udushya ndetse n’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi.

Mu rwego rwo gushimangira umubano, Sosiyete Nyarwanda y’Ubwikorezi bwo mu Kirere RwandAir yatangije ingendo zigana muri Isiraheli umwaka ushize, hagamijwe kuzamura ubukerarugendo hagati y’ibihugu byombi, tutibagiwe no guteza imbere ubuhahirane hagati y’u Rwanda na Isiraheli. Izi ngendo ariko zaje guhagarikwa kubera impamvu z’Icyorezo cya Koronavirusi gikomeje kuzengereza Isi. Uku kwezi, Isiraheli yatangaje ko indege zayo zigiye gukora indege ziza mu Rwanda.

Mu kiganiro yagiranye na Perezida Kagame kuwa Gatanu w’icyumweru dusoje, Minisitiri Hendel yakomoje ku gutsimbataza umubano wa Isiraheli n’u Rwanda, avuga ko kimwe na Isiraheli, u Rwanda na rwo ari igihugu gito cyiteje imbere mu bukungu, ashimira Perezida Kagame ko yavanye u Rwanda kure akarugeza aho rufatwa nka kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye muri Afurika.

Mu gusoza iyi nkuru, reka turebe no kuri status ya Yerusaremu ituma ibihugu bigenda biguru ntege mu kuyimuriramo ambasade?

Hari Isiraheli tuzi muri Bibiliya yabaye ubuturo bw’Abisiraheli, bayobowe na Yosuwa, Dawidi, Salomo n’abandi. Uko imyaka yasimburanye, ni ko Abisiraheli bagiye bashwiragizwa nyuma y’aho ubwami bwabo bwigaruriwe n’andi mashyanga. Igihe cyarageze Abayahudi babaho batagira igihugu cyitwa icyabo, banyanyagiye hirya no hino ku Isi. Abari mu Budage no mu bindi bice by’u  Burayi, Adolf Hitler muzi ibyo yabakoreye mu Ntambara y”Isi ya Kabiri. Ababarirwa muri Miliyoni 6 yarabishe, kuva mu 1939 kugeza mu 1945.

Kwicwa kwabo, byorohejwe no kuba bari abantu badafite igihugu cyitwa icyabo, badafite ubuyobozi, ndetse ahubwo ugasanga ibihugu batuyemo bimwe bibafata nk’abantu batuzuye, banduza isura nziza y’ubwoko bw’abaturage b’ibyo bihugu. Gusa wakurikira amateka y’ikinyejana cya 20, mu ntangiriro zacyo ukabona ukuntu Abayahudi bagiye bagura ubutaka mu gihugu cya Palestine, aho bafataga nka gakondo yabo birukanwemo mu binyejana byinshi byabanje. Intambara y’Isi ya Kabiri irangira, imyaka mike yakurikiyeho Abayahudi barwanye na Paletine bashaka ko kimwe mu bice bya Palestine kiba igihugu cyabo.

Ni igitekerezo Palestine yiganjemo Abasiramu itashoboraga kwakira. Umuryango w’Abibumbye winjiye muri iyo Ntambara, wanzura ko igice kimwe cya Palestine gituzwamo Abayahudi kikaba igihugu cyabo ukuyemo uburengerazuba bwa Yerusaremu kuko Yerusaremu byemejwe ko iba ubutaka bugenzurwa n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye. Hari mu 1947.

Igihugu cya Isiraheli cyavutse ubwo, ariko nticyanyurwa n’umwanzuro wo kutagiha Yerusaremu. Byatumye gitangira kureba uko Uburengerazuba bwa Yerusaremu bwakomekwa kuri Isiraheli binyuze mu Ntambara, ndetse mu 1967 kirwana na Palestine mu rugamba rwari rugamije gufata Yerusalemu yose uko yakabaye ikaba ubutaka bwa Isiraheli. Umuryango w’Abibumbye wakomeje kwamagana imigambi ya Isiraheli yo kwigarurira Yerusaremu ndetse n’ibyo bita Occupied Territories, ni ukuvuga ibice bya Palestine Isiraheli yagiye ifata ikabyiyomekaho cyangwa se ugasanga ntibinegeranye ariko byose ari yo ibiyobora, gusa kwamaganwa n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye bigasa n’aho ntacyo bitwaye Isiraheli ishyigikiwe na Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.

Mu gihe cya Empire Ottoman, Ubwami  bwa Otoman, ndetse no mu myaka yakurikiyeho, aho u Bwongereza ari bwo bwayoboraga Palestine, ni ukuvuga mbere y’ishingwa rya Leta ya Isiraheli, Yerusaremu yari Umurwa Mukuru wa Palestine ndetse ari umurwa utuwe ahanini n’Abarabu.

Dusoza, nkubwire ko imwe mu mpamvu ituma Israel na Palestine birwanira uyu mujyi wa Yerusaremu, ni uko Yerusaremu ibumbatiye amateka akomeye mu myemerere y’Abayuda n’Abasiramu, sinirengagije ko ari ahantu hakomeye mu buzima bw’abakilisitu usibye ko nta gihugu cy’Abakilisitu kivuga ko Yerusaremu ari ubutaka bwacyo. Abayahudi, Abasilamu n’Abakilisitu bafata Yerusaremu nk’umurwa wera ndetse bikinjiza amafaranga menshi mu rwego rw’ubukerarugendo rwa Isiraheli kuko abaturage bava mu bihugu bitandukanye ku Isi bakajya kureba amateka y’imyemerere yabo ari muri iki gihugu.

Imibare yo mu mwaka wa 2016 yerekana ko Abanyaisiraheli 81% ari Abayuda, Judaists, Abasilamu bakaba 14% mu gihe Abakilisitu ari 2%.

Aya makuru tuyakesha ibitangazamakuru birimo Jerusalem Post, Times of Israel na Djihad Watch.