Nyiransabimana Joyeuse yasambanyijwe ku gahato yiga mu mwaka wa 6 w’amashuri abanza, bimuviramo gutwara inda afite imyaka 16 y’amavuko.
Umuryango we waramwanze, ababyeyi baramwirukana, ati, “Bansohoye mu nzu mbura icyerekezo, nareba imbere nkabona nta muntu mfite.”
Joyeuse wo mu Mudugudu wa Bupfune, Akagari ka Nyarusazi, Umurenge wa Bwishyura mu Karere ka Karongi, iwabo bamwirukanye mu nzu akajya arara hanze n’uwo muziranenge yibarutse.
Iyo akubwira uko yatwaye inda, ashimangira ko nta bumenyi yari afite ku bijyanye n’ubuzima bw’imyororokere nubwo hivanzemo n’ikibazo cyo kutanyurwa agashukishwa ipantalo.
Ati, “Naguye mu gishuko banshukisha ipantalo nziza kuko iwacu nta bushobozi twari dufite bwo kuyigura birangiye n’uwamfashe ku ngufu aranyihakana ambwira ko atanteye inda.”
Umusore wayimuteye ngo yamusabye kumusura iwe, ahageze amuha impano y’ipantalo yamuguriye amusaba kuyambara ngo arebe ko imubereye, akimara kwiyambura ngo ayambare ni bwo yamusatiriye aramufata.
Nyuma yo gutwara inda y’uwo musore bakundanaga akamwihakana ndetse n’iwabo bakamwirukana, yashakishije ubuzima biranga, ashakisha uwamufasha aramubura kugeza abyaye adafite kirengera.
Nyuma yo kubyara yize gusuka, atangira gukorera udufaranga twamufashije kubona iby’ibanze birimo amafunguro. N’ubu abayeho nabi ariko si nka mbere, nk’uko bikubiye mu buhamya bwe.
Asaba ababyeyi kujya begera abana babo b’abakobwa bakabigisha ubuzima bw’imyororokere ndetse n’amayeri y’abasore, akavuga ko iyo abimenya mbere atashoboraga gushukishwa ipantalo.
Usanase Emelyne na we yatewe inda imburagihe, abaho mu buzima busharira nk’umuravumba. Avuka mu Karere ka Karongi, Umurenge wa Rubengera, Akagari ka Gacaca, Umudugudu wa Nyarubuye.
Na we yasambanyijwe ku gahato afite imyaka 16, ubu afite imyaka 20. Akimara gutwara inda yarihebye, iwabo baramwanga, aratorongera aragenda, acumbikirwa n’abaturanyi kugeza igihe yabyariye.
Ati, “Ku bw’amahirwe umubyeyi yashize uburakari nsubira kuba mu rugo nkimara kubyara. Mbana na mama n’uruhinja rwanjye kuko uwanteye inda ntiyigeze ayemera.”
Emelyne avuga ko kuva atewe inda kugeza ubu atazi aho uwayimuteye aherereye. Ashimira nyina ko nubwo acishamo akavuga nabi, ariko nibura yamwemereye kugaruka mu rugo.
Arasaba ababyeyi ko mu gihe umwana atwaye inda batagomba kumutorongeza, dore ko mu mpamvu zishobora gutuma umwana atwara inda harimo no kuba ababyeyi batamuba hafi ngo bamuganirize.
Ati, “Hari ababyeyi bamwe na bamwe babona ibintu bigenze gutyo bagafata umwanzuro, umwana bakamuha inkono ye akajya yitekera, kandi mu by’ukuri nta bushobozi aba afite bwo kwihahira.”
“Icyo nasaba ababyeyi rero ni uko bagerageza kutwihanganira ndetse bakadukundira n’abana kuko ejo n’ejo bundi nibanga abuzukuru umwana wanjye nabyaye azakura afite imico mibi.”
“Aziba bavuge ngo uriya ni uwo kwa nyirakuru, ntabwo bazavuga njyewe kuko njyewe sinashoboye kwiha uburere, nanjye mba numva kubuha umwana namuha nk’ubwo nabonye.”
Emelyne asaba ababyeyi kuganiriza abana babo kuva bakimara kumenya ubwenge kuko “bagiye batuganiriza ku buzima bw’imyororokere twakura tuzi uko tugomba kwifata.”
Asaba abakobwa batarabyara kugira amakenga, ati, “Abahungu ntibazaze bakubwire ngo wabuze amavuta ya 2000Rwf kandi iwanyu bagura igikotori cy’iryitanu (150Rwf) ngo nibaguha ibyo 2000Rwf wemere.”
Akarere ka Karongi Joyeuse na Emelyne batuyemo, kabarurwamo abangavu 454 batewe inda zitateganyijwe kuva muri 2019, nk’uko bitangazwa na Meya wa Karongi, Mukarutesi Vestine.
Yungamo ati, “Ikibazo cy’inda ziterwa abangavu ni ikibazo gihangayikishije igihugu cyacu ariko tuzi neza ko nidufatanya tuzashobora kukirwanya ndetse tukakirandura burundu.”
Uyu muyobozi yasabye ababyeyi kudahishira abahohotera abana babo, dore ko bamwe baryumaho banga ko umuryango useba, abandi bagahabwa amafaranga ngo baceceke bakemera.
Ati, “Uwakoze iryo shyano mugaragaze, inzego zirahari, akurikiranwe kuko iyo umuhishiriye nawe uba uri umufatanyacyaha kandi umwana wawe uba umwohereza mu buzima bubi.”
Yunzemo ati, “Uhishira umurozi akakumaraho urubyaro. Twihishira rero abo bagome, twihishira abo bagizi ba nabi, tubagaragaze bose bahanwe.”
Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Karongi ku rundi ruhande asaba abana b’abakobwa gukunda umurimo bakareka “kurera amaboko” kuko “iyo ukora na wawundi ushaka kugushuka abura ahantu yaguhera.”
Ababyeyi bita ku matungo boroye kurusha abana bibyariye
“Ibiganiro by’ubuzima bw’imyororokere mu miryango biracyari hasi” nk’uko byemezwa na Nyiranzitukuze Claudine, umukozi w’Ikigo cy’urubyiruko mu mishinga ya Imbuto Foundation.
Claudine yibutsa ababyeyi ko inshingano yabo nyamukuru atari ukubyara ahubwo ari ukurera, nk’uko bikubiye mu mugani wa Kinyarwanda ugira uti, “Uburere buruta ubuvuke.”
Ati, “Ni ukuvuga ngo umubyeyi ku isonga. Ni we muntu wa mbere wakagize uruhare mu kwigisha umwana ubuzima bw’imyororokere.”
“Abantu benshi bumva y’uko abana bazabyigira iyo ku mashuri, iyo mu mahugurwa” bakiyibagiza ko uburere bw’ibanze umwana agomba kubukura iwabo mu rugo abandi bakaza bunganira.
Claudine avuga ko bitumvikana ukuntu umubyeyi w’umugabo woroye inka adashobora kuryama atageze ku kiraro ngo arebe uko imeze, ariko akaryama atageze mu cyumba cy’umwana we w’umukobwa.
Ati, “Abagabo ikiganiro cy’ubuzima bw’imyororokere bagihariye abadamu. Iyo akigera mu rugo areba aho inka iri, akirebera aho inkoko y’ibihumbi 3 itaha ariko uburere bw’abana akabushyira ku ruhande.”
Claudine avuga ko mu bushakashatsi bakoze ku bigo nderabuzima bitandukanye yabuze umugabo n’umwe wamubwira ati umwana wanjye uyu munsi afite cotex. Ati, “Ntabwo baba babizi.”
Akomeza agira ati, “Ababyeyi dufite ikibazo cyo kutegera abana, ibibazo bafite ntabwo tubimenya, umwana kugira ngo akwisangeho akubwire ibibazo afite ni uko uba wamushatseho ubucuti.”
Claudine avuga ko bitangaje kuba umubyeyi agera mu rugo akihutira kureba uko inka imeze, niba yariye “ariko ntamenye aho umwana afite mu muryango ari, ntazi ngo umukobwa we yatashye!”
Claudine yibutsa ababyeyi ko kwigisha umwana ubuzima bw’imyororokere bitamurinda gutwara inda gusa, ahubwo binakumira indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.
Ati, “Twagiye duhura n’ibibazo byinshi kuko hari nk’abana twasanze bagiye bahabwa amazu mu bikari akajya azanamo umwana w’umukobwa, bakabanamo umwana akazatwara inda.”
“Bivuze ngo icyitwa ubuzima bw’imyororokere ni ku muhungu, ni ku mukobwa, kandi ababyeyi bakamenya ko kuganiriza umwana ntabwo ari ukumuganiriza mu gihe ibibazo byamaze kuvuka.”
“Umukobwa iyo agiye mu mihango aba ageze mu gihe cyo kuba yasama ukabimwigisha hakiri kare, ukamenya ngo umuhungu niba yatangiye kwiroteraho yageze mu gihe cyo kuba yatera inda.”
Claudine agaruka ku kibazo cy’urubyiruko rutanyurwa, akavuga ko bitagakwiye ko hagira ushukishwa ipantalo cyangwa ikindi, ahubwo akwiye kunyurwa n’ubuzima umuryango we ubayemo.
Ati, “Ukwiye kumenya ngo iwacu ni kwa runaka ntabwo ari kwa runaka, ukamenya kunyurwa n’ibyo iwanyu babasha kuguha, kandi abakobwa bakamenya kuvuga OYA ifite intego.”
Avuga ko hari ukuntu umuhungu asaba umukobwa kumusura, umukobwa akamubwira ati Oya, mu kandi kanya akamubwira ati NDAJE, Claudine ati, “Hari OYA z’abangavu ureba ugasanga ntabwo ari OYA koko.”
Imibare y’abaterwa inda batateganyije
Uburemere bw’ikibazo cy’abatwara inda zitateganyijwe bugaragazwa n’amaraporo atandukanye, harimo na raporo igezweho y’ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Baturage (UNFPA).
Ni raporo yerekana uburyo Isi muri rusange yananiwe gukemura ikibazo cy’inda zitateganyijwe, gituma habaho kutubahirizwa k’uburenganzira bwa muntu ku batwara bene izo nda.
Buri mwaka hatwarwa inda zitateganyijwe miliyoni 121, ni ukuvuga inda ibihumbi 331 ku munsi, kandi “iyo mibare byitezwe ko izamuka nitudafata ingamba zifatika” nk’uko raporo ya UNFPA ibigaragaza.
Ni uburenganzira bw’abakobwa n’abagore guhitamo kubyara cyangwa kutabyara, umubare w’abana bakeneye kubyara ndetse n’uwo bagomba kubabyarana.
Raporo yerekana ko habaho inkurikizi zikomeye iyo abagore n’abakobwa bahatiwe gushakana n’abo batifuza, no kuba bahatirwa kubyara kandi bumva batabikeneye kubera imico y’ibihugu barimo.
Ku rwego rw’Isi, inda eshatu muri eshanu zitateganyijwe birangira zikuwemo kandi 45% by’izo nda zikurwamo bikorwa mu buryo budatekanye, mu bihugu gukuramo inda bitemewe, cyangwa bihenze.
Gukuramo inda mu buryo budatekanye (unsafe abortions) bituma abagore miliyoni 7 bisanga mu bitaro, aho bajya kwivuza nyuma yo gukuramo inda bikabakomerana, bamwe bikabaviramo no gutakaza ubuzima.
Iyi raporo yiswe The 2022 State of World Population report yerekana ko hafi ¼ cy’abagore batabasha kuvuga OYA iyo umugabo ashatse ko bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina.
Nanone hafi ¼ cy’abagore nta bushobozi bafite bwo kwifatira imyanzuro ku bibazo by’ubuvuzi, mu gihe hafi 1/10 batabasha gufata umwanzuro wo gukoresha uburyo bwo kwikingira ngo badasama.
Raporo iranzura iti, “Iki ni igihe nyacyo ngo abashyiraho politiki n’abayobozi bo mu nzego z’ibanze bashyire imbere uburenganzira bw’abagore n’abakobwa, babongerere amahitamo harimo n’uburyo butekanye bwo kwikingira mu gihe bibaye ngombwa ko bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Ibi bivuze ko umuntu wese uri mu kigero cy’urubyiruko harimo n’abahungu agomba kumenya ingaruka zo gukora imibonano idakingiye ndetse akamenya n’uburyo bwo kwikingira. Tugomba gutega amatwi abagore tukumva ibyo bakeneye ndetse tukanabashyigikira twimakaza uburinganire mu bintu byose.”
Mu Rwanda, impuzandengo y’abana ku mugore umwe ni 4,2. Mu bana bavutse hagati ya 2015-2020, 61% bari bakenewe, 27% bavutse mu gihe kitifuzwa (untimed), mu gihe 12% bavutse badakenewe (DHS 2019/2020).
Impuzandengo y’abana bifuzwa ku mugore ni 3,1% mu gihe abavuka ari 4,2%, bivuze ko havuka umwana umwe w’inyongera udakenewe kuri buri mugore mu Rwanda.
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo mu rugamba rw’iterambere, bakomeje gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zigamije guhangana n’ikibazo by’umwihariko cy’abangavu baterwa inda.
Inda mu bangavu, kuzikumira bishyirwamo imbaraga kuko usibye kubyara imburagihe, zinakurura uburwayi butandukanye ku bana b’abakobwa harimo kujojoba, ndetse bamwe zikanabahitana.
Kubyara ukiri muto kandi, bituma umwana acikiriza amashuri bityo bikabangamira imyigire ye, imibare ikagaragaza ko abana batwara inda akenshi birangira batabashije gukomeza amasomo yabo.
Florien Harindimana umukozi wa UNFPA, avuga ko umwana watewe inda aba afite ibyago byo guterwa indi nda kubera ibibazo ahura na byo nyuma yo kubyara.
Kuri ibyo hiyongeraho “kutabasha kwitabira umurimo kugira ngo abashe gukora ibimuteza imbere,” nk’uko Florien akomeza abisobanura.
Ubushakashatsi bwIkigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (DHS 2019/2020) bugaragaza ko 5% by’abana b’abakobwa bafite imyaka kuva kuri 15-19 ubu ari ababyeyi, bafite abana barera.
Uko imyaka izamuka ni ko imibare y’abana babyara yiyongera, abari munsi y’imyaka 15 habyara abatageze kuri 1%, mu gihe mu bafite imyaka 19 ababyaye ari 15%.
Ijanisha ry’abangavu batwara inda ryaramanutse, riva kuri 7% muri 2015 rigera kuri 5% muri 2020, ariko UNFPA ivuga ko na 5% ari umubare munini ku buryo hakenewe izindi ngufu ngo ugabanuke kurushaho.
Ni urugamba udashobora guhezamo abagabo
Mercy Mungai ni umuyobozi wungirije wa UNFPA mu Rwanda. Avuga ko gukumira inda ziterwa abangavu atari ibintu bireba abangavu n’abagore gusa, ko hakanewe n’umusanzu w’abagabo.
Ati, “Ni nde utera inda abakobwa? Ni abagabo kandi akenshi ni abagabo bakuze. Bivuze ko iki kiganiro tudashobora kugihezamo abagabo kuko bakeneye amakuru nk’uko abakobwa bayakeneye.”
Itangwa ry’amakuru ku buzima bw’imyororokere, Madame Mungai avuga ko rikwiye guhera hasi mu muryango, ababyeyi bakagirana ikiganiro n’abana babo mu buryo bisanzuranyeho.
Ati, “Kugira amakuru nyayo byatuma abana bajya bafata imyanzuro ikwiye bazi n’ingaruka zayo, ndetse tugakorana n’amashuri kugira ngo abanyeshuri babone amakuru akenewe ku buzima bw’imyororokere.”
Amasomo y’ubuzima bw’imyororokere yongerewe mu nteganyanyigisho z’amashuri mu mwaka wa 2016, ndetse hashingwa ibigo by’urubyiruko bitanga bene ayo makuru hirya no hino mu Rwanda.
Gsa nubwo ubukangurambaga bukorwa ndetse uburyo bwo kwikingira bukigishwa abangavu, umubare w’abangavu baterwa inda ukomeza kuba munini.
Imibare ya Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yo mu myaka itanu ishize, yerekana ko umwaka wagize umwaka wagize umubare muto ari uwabaruwemo inda 17.333 nk’uko bisobanurwa na Florien Harindimana, umukozi wa UNFPA.
Ni ikibazo cy’inda ziyongera cyangwa ni umusaruro w’umuco wo gutanga amakuru ku bahohotewe ugenda utera imbere? Iki kibazo tuzakibaza inzobere mu nkuru yacu itaha.
Urubyiruko rurasabwa kumenya kuvuga OYA kandi ikaba ari OYA bashikamyeho (Ifoto/Janvier Popote)
Amafoto yose yafashwe na Janvier Popote
