Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Ihuriro ry’Abanditsi b’Ibitabo (Rwanda Authors Union), Migambi Victor, avuga ko ibitabo bivuga ku Rwanda byanditswe hagati ya 1959-94 byiganjemo ibirimo uburozi.
Yabivugiye mu muhango wo kwizihiza Umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Umwanditsi w’Umunyafurika wabereye mu Ngoro y’Ubuhanzi i Kanombe ahazwi nko Kwa Habyarimana, kuwa 7 Ugushyingo 2022.
Migambi yasobanuye ko hari Abanyarwanda barimo n’abafite impamyabumenyi z’ikirenga batarumva ko abakoloni baciyemo ibice Abanyarwanda bagamije kubashwanisha, kubera ibitabo basomye biyobya.
Ashimangira ko hagati ya 1959-94 habayeho ubwanditsi bucurika ubwenge bw’Abanyarwanda. Ati, ‘Ni ikibazo gikomeye, no mu byo twandika ubu ngubu ntabwo twari twabicukumbura neza.”
Ati, “Hari igihe ureba ugasanga uraganira n’abantu bize mu iseminari, bafite za Masters, bafite za PhD, ariko kubera barozwe mu bwenge ugasanga ibitekerezo byabo biracuramye. Hari abo twiganye baba za Burayi, duhurira ku mbuga ariko wamureba ibyo yandika ugasanga arandika nk’umuntu uvuma igihugu cye.”
MIgambi asobanura ko bamwe ajya abasanga mu gikari (inbox) ngo baganire yumve ikibatera kuvuga ibyo bavuga biyobya, ibitekerezo byabo bikamutangaza cyane.
Ati, “[Birababaje kuba] uwitwa ngo ni umuhanga yarize cyane atumva ukuntu abakoloni baterana bakagabana Afurika banize n’uburyo bagomba kuducamo ibice kugira ngo badushobore.”
“Umuntu wese ihame rya mbatanye mbategeke (divide and rule) ararizi, rero iyo umuntu ashatse kwinjira ngo agutware ibyawe nta gitangaza kirimo kuba akoresha ubwo buryo, ariko iyo wabaye umunyabwenge buke bwa buryo ntabwo ubona.”
Mu kwanzura kwe, Migambi agasaba Abanyarwanda gushishikarira kwiga amateka y’ububi bw’ubukoloni, ati, “Byaba bibabaje twize, tukavuga Igifaransa cyinshi, Icyongereza cyinshi ariko ukagira ubwenge bucuramye.”
Avuga ko Abakoloni ari bo batangiye kwigisha Abanyarwanda ko batandukanye, ayo macakubiri bayanduza Abanyarwanda na bo bayigisha bene wabo, kugeza habayeho Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Ati, “Birababaje kuba umuntu yakwiga ariko ibyo bintu ntabashe kubibona ngo abisesengure. Iyo utabona umutego w’umwanzi nta bwenge uba ufite.”
Ibivugwa na Migambi bishimangirwa na Dr Njoroge Timothy, Umwarimu wigisha Ubuvanganzo muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda muri Koleji ya Huye, umaze kwandika ibitabo icyenda.
Dr Njoroge yabwiye Popote.rw ati, “Igihe abakoloni baziye mu Rwanda, kuko mu Rwanda tutari tuzi kwandika no gusoma, Abakoloni bo bazanye kwandika, ariko twari dufite uburyo bwacu bwo gusakaza umuco, indangagaciro na za kirazira muri sosiyete nyarwanda. Bakigera hano rero basanze uwo muco n’iyo system yari iriho ibabangamiye batazabasha kugera ku nshingano zabo, bityo banzura kwica uwo muco, bakuraho za kirazira zose, noneho badushyiramo ibyabo.”
Yunzemo ati, “Hari ibyivugo, imivugo, imigani migufi, imiremire, insigamigani, ibyo byose ni byo baherereyo bakuraho indangagaciro, biriya byari bifitemo indangagaciro, gusakaza no kwimakaza indagagaciro z’umuryango nyarwanda. Ni byo bahereyeho bica, bamaze kubyica nta kintu Umunyarwanda asigaranye, ni bwo bazanye ibyabo. Ubutegetsi bwa mbere bwari bushingiye ku Mana, Imana y’I Rwanda, ku nka n’ingoma, ibyo byose babitesheje agaciro, bazana ubutegetsi bwabo. Ni bwo twatangiye kwigana ibyabo, inka zisimburwa n’inkwavu, kera cyaraziraga kurya urukwavu ku Munyarwanda, cyaraziraga ku Munyarwanda kurya inyamaswa ifite amajanja nk’ay’imbwa.”
Umukoro ku banditsi b’ubu, mu mboni za Migambi, ni ukujijura abaturage, ati, “Buriya iyo umuntu yakwandikiye ibintu bizima biragufasha gutera imbere, ubwanditsi rero ni ikintu gifite akamaro kuko amakuru ni yo atuma umuntu atera imbere, iyo rero abantu banditse ibintu byiza, bakabona amakuru meza, n’iryo terambere rigerwaho.”
Migambi akomeza agira ati, “Ni umukoro ku banditsi b’ubu ngubu bakunda igihugu, kugerageza gukora inyandiko nyinshi, navuga zirogora cyangwa se zitambamira ko abantu bongera bakarogwa mu bitekerezo. Buriya intwari za mbere bari abantu bajya ku rugamba. Ntabwo abantu bajyaga kurasanira u Rwanda ngo bavuge ngo barareba Umuhutu n’Umututsi. Barebaga ushoboye uruhembe rw’umuheto ni we wabaga ari intwari. Ariko Abakoloni baraje baroga abantu mu bwenge, abandi na bo baba injiji barakurikira kugeza ubwo bakoze amahano, bica bagenzi babo, ariko na bo nkavuga ngo bishe bagenzi babo ariko na bo bariyica kuko ntabwo wakwica abandi ngo wowe usigare uri muzima. Ntabwo bishoboka. Usigara ufite ibikomere, usigara uteza abawe urubwa.”
Ubwanditsi n’ikoranabuhanga
Muri uyu muhango, Intebe y’Inteko y’Umuco, Ambasaderi Robert Masozera, yasabye abanditsi b’Abanyarwanda gushishikarira gusohora ibitabo mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga (e-books).
Yababwiye ko byorohera gukwirakwiza ibyo bitabo bikagera ku bantu benshi, dore ko ari na wo muvuduko Isi iri kugenderaho wo kwimakaza ikoranabuhanga mu mfuruka z’ubuzima bwose.
Ati, “Turi mu bihe bigenda bihindagurika cyane kandi u Rwanda rujyana n’ibihe. Ibihe tugezemo ni iby’ikoranabuhanga. Urajya mu bwanditsi bw’ibitabo, kwandika igitabo, kugicuruza, kugisohora, byose bisigaye bikorwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.”
“Ndibwira ko namwe abanditsi mukwiye kugendana n’igihe tugatangira natwe gushyira ibitabo byacu ku ikoranabuhanga. Muzi akamaro kabyo. Kubisakaza, kubigeza ku rindi soko, biroroha.”
Ambasaderi Masozera yasabye kandi abanditsi b’Abanyarwanda kwandika cyane ku Rwanda, kuko ngo nibatabikorwa ruzandikwaho n’abanyamahanga bakarwandikaho ibyo bashaka.
Yahishuriye abanditsi ko abanyamahanga basaba ibyangombwa byo gukora ubushakashatsi mu Rwanda bugamije kurwandikaho ibitabo ari benshi, ati, “Kwandika ku Rwanda biraryoshye.”
Ibitabo byinshi u Rwanda rufite uyu munsi, bivuga kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ibyanditswe mbere ya Jenoside ni bike, nk’uko Ambasaderi Masozera yakomeje abishimangira.
Avuga ko n’ibyanditswe kuri Jenoside ibyinshi byanditswe n’abanyamahanga, ko nyuma ya Jenoside ari bwo abanditsi b’abanyarwanda batangiye kwandika ugereranyije na mbere.
Ibitabo byinshi byanditswe n’abanyarwanda ni ibijyanye n’amasomo atangwa mu mashuri, ariko hari izindi ngingo zitandukanye zafasha Abanyarwanda kuzamura imibereho yabo zitandikwaho.
Kwandika no gusoma byazanwe mu Rwanda n’abamisiyoneri mu mwaka wa 1900, ubwo abapadiri ba mbere bageraga mu Rwanda, bakaba bari Abagatulika.
Amateka y’ubwanditsi agaragaza ko umwanditsi wa mbere w’Umunyarwanda ari Bathrazal Gafuku wasohoye igitabo mu 1929, nk’uko bitangazwa n’Ihuriro ry’Abanditsi b’Ibitabo mu Rwanda.
Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’iri huriro (Rwanda Authors Union), Migambi Victor, avuga ko umwanditsi ufatika wabanje ari Alexis Kagame kuko Gafuku yari acyishakisha.
Ati, “Alexis Kagame ngira ngo muramuzi, yanditse Inganji Kalinga, Umuririmbyi wa Nyiribiremwa, Soko y’Amajyambere, n’ibindi.”
Yunzemo ati “Haje kuza undi mwanditsi ukomeye Aloys Bigirumwami ari we wahimbye kariya kanyamakuru k’abana kitwa Hobe, yandika imihango n’imiziririzo y’Abanyarwanda. Ni ikintu gikomeye cyane, ikintu cyitwa kirazira, ibyago ni uko usanga hari benshi batagisomye muri wa muco wo kudasoma tugira, iyo abantu baza gusoma ibi bintu bakabishyira ku mutima hari amahano Atari kuba yaragwiririye u Rwanda.”
