Benshi mu bo amateka agaragaza ko basigaye inyuma babayeho mu buzima bubi bwo kubura ibyo kurya no kuba mu nzu zishaje, barasaba Leta kubafasha kuzamuka mu mibereho.
Iyo uganiriye n’aba Banyarwanda, bahuriza ku kuvuga ko umwuga biyumvamo ari ububumbyi. Ni imyumvire ishingiye ku mateka yabo kuko kera batungwaga no kubumba no guhiga.
Guhiga byo kuri ubu ntibishoboka kuko batajya guhiga muri pariki z’igihugu. Kubumba na byo ni irindi hurizo kuko ibyo babumba badapfa kubibonera abaguzi, kandi ibumba barikura kure.
Ingaruka z’ibyo, ni ukubaho mu buzima bubi bwo kubura amafunguro, ndetse bigatuma abana bamwe bava mu ishuri kubera inzara, hakiyongeraho kuba mu nzu zishaje, aho zimwe ziva.
Twasuye by’umwihariko abo mu Karere ka Kamonyi, mu Murenge wa Runda, Akagari ka Kagina mu Mudugudu wa Kagina urimo imiryango 104 y’abo amateka agaragaza ko basigaye inyuma.
Inzu bubakiwe n’abaterankunga barimo CARITAS mu bihe byashize, zimwe ubu zarashaje ku buryo inkuta zigenda zangirika, bakaba basaba ko zasanwa cyangwa bakubakirwa inshya.
Amabati y’inzu ya Kampundu Chantal yo yaratobaguritse, ku buryo iyo imvura iguye ngo afata udukombe, udusahani n’udukono, agashyira aho ibitonyanga biva mu gisenge bigwa.
Mu mabati y’icyumba kimwe, harimo imyenge isaga 30. Agerageza gutangira amazi ava mu myenge minini, ubundi we n’abana be batatu na nyina bakikinga ahatava.
Ati, “Leta y’Ubumwe ni mwebwe maboko yacu, murebe ukuntu mwaturwanaho rwose, mudufashe muduhe ukuntu tugomba kuryama ahantu hasusurutse.”
Kampundu w’imyaka 48, ni umupfakazi wasigiwe abana batatu n’umugabo we. Abana mu nzu n’abo bana na nyina (nyirakuru w’abana). Nta gatebe bagira, nta meza, nta gitanda.
Udufaranga akura mu nkono abumba, avuga ko ari two ahahamo ibyo kurya, yaba atabonye abakiliya bakaburara. Ati, “Imwe nyigurisha amafaranga ijana, hakaba n’abampa 80 nkayatora.”
Afite umwana wigaga mu wa Gatatu w’amashuri yisumbuye, wishyurirwa na Leta ariko ngo yavuye mu ishuri kuko yabuze imyambaro y’ishuri, imiguru ibiri y’amafaranga ibihumbi 12.
Ati, “Nabuze ‘uniformes’. Izi nkono ndagenda nazana utujumba n’udushyimbo abana bakambaza ngo agafaranga karihe, nti ntako, rero umwana akicara gutyo ntiyongere gusubira ku ishuri.”
Dore ikiganiro cya video twagiranye na Kampundu Chantal.
Mukamasaka Clementine we twamusanze arimo kubumba imbabara y’inkwi. Avuga ko ku munsi ashobora kubumba Imbabura eshanu ariko ngo abakiliya ntibapfa kuboneka.
Ati, “Hari igihe ngenda nkagurisha nk’ebyiri, iya gatatu nkayigarura. Ngenda nzibunza mu ngo umpaye ikiro cy’ibishyimbo nkayimuha, umpaye imifungo ibiri y’ibijumba ndayimuha.”
Nubwo aba baturage bakunda ububumbyi, iyo uganiriye na bo bakubwira ko babukora by’amaburakindi kuko ibyo babumba bigura make, kandi kubona ibumba bisaba kwiyuha akuya.
Bisaba gukora urugendo rw’isaha kugira ngo bagere aho bita mu Nyange haba ibumba, ubundi bagemura ibyo babumbye i Kigali bagasabwa kubimena, aho ngo bifatwa nk’umwanda.
Usibye n’abagurisha ibyo babumbye ariko, Leta ishishikariza abacuruzi gukorera ahantu hazwi, bityo abazana amavazi bakoze mu bubumbyi bagahashywa nk’abandi bazunguzayi.
Mukarusagara Salima, na we atunzwe no kubumba. Ku munsi ngo abumba inkono nk’eshanu, imwe akayigurisha amafaranga 100, akagaburira abana be batanu.
Ati, “Nta kigenda, uragenda iyi nkono yawe bakaguha ijana, bakaguha igikombe cy’ibishyimbo ukagenda ukagiteka, ukagaburira abana ntikinabahaze, ubundi tukabwirirwa tukaburara.”
Iyo uganiriye n’iki cyiciro cy’Abanyarwanda, bakubwira ko impamvu batitabira ubuhinzi n’ubworozi nk’abandi ari uko batagira imirima ndetse na Girinka ntibagereho uko bikwiye.
Icyifuzo benshi mu bo twaganiriye bahuriyeho, ni uko Leta yabatera inkunga bagashaka ibindi bakora bitari ububumbyi, cyangwa bagashakirwa isoko ry’ububumbyi ku buryo bubatunga.
“Ubuyobozi bubahoza ku mutima”
Kayitesi Alice uyobora Akarere ka Kamonyi batuyemo, yabwiye Imvaho Nshya ko ikibazo cy’amacumbi y’aba baturage ashaje “turimo turagikoranaho n’abafatanyabikorwa barimo kudufasha.”
Yunzemo ati, “Harimo amacumbi amwe mwabonye ariko harimo n’andi asannye, urumva rero tugenda tuyasana dukoresheje ubushobozi ariko hari umushinga wa Good Neighbors turimo gufatanya kugira ngo bongere kubonerwa amacumbi meza, kandi tukanabatuza ku midugudu imwe n’abandi, dufite imidugudu y’icyitegererezo…”
Asobanura ko mu guharanira ko iki cyiciro cy’Abanyarwanda kibaho mu nzu nziza nk’abandi, “twari twabanje gutuza abo mu Murenge wa Ngamba, ndetse n’abo mu Murenge wa Nyamiyaga batuye muri IDP (imidugudu y’icyitegererezo) ariko n’abo ngabo (ba Kagina) na bo turabatekereza duhereye kuri uwo mushinga dufitanye na Good Neighbors.”
Abatujwe Kagina, bubakiwe n’abaterankunga batandukanye mu myaka myinshi ishize, hakaba n’abahimuriwe nyuma bavanwe muri nyakatsi, ariko bitewe n’igihe gishize amazu arongera arangirika. Meya Kayitesi avuga ko mu kuyasana “twahereye ku yari afite ibibazo cyane kurusha ayandi”
Ati, “Ikijyanye no kubasanira inzu no kubatuza neza, icyo kibazo tugishyizeho umutima.”
Ku kibazo cy’abana bo muri iyi miryango bata ishuri kubera ubukene, uyu muyobozi avuga ko abana bose bashishikarizwa kujya ku ishuri, ndetse aba bakagira umwihariko wo guhabwa ibikoresho n’imyambaro y’ishuri.
Ati, “Hari n’abari baravuye mu mashuri turimo kurihirira amashuri y’imyuga kuko ubwo bushobozi turabuhabwa, hari babiri turihirira mu mashuri y’imyuga, hari n’uwo turihirira muri kaminuza ya ICK kandi tukabakurikirana tukabafasha no mu bundi buzima, kubona aho bacumbika, kubona amafunguro.”
Ku kibazo cy’abazana amavaze yabo babumbye bayageza mu Mujyi wa Kigali bagasabwa kuyamena ngo ni umwanda, Meya Kayitesi avuga ko koko bagaragaza ko umwuga bakunze kurusha indi ari ububumbyi, ariko mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko ibyo babumba bimenwa bakwiye kwishyira hamwe ntibakorere mu kajagari.
Ati, “Tumaze kuganira na bo inshuro zirenze ebyiri, n’ababahagarariye, ariko ukabona umwuga wabo bibonamo cyane ni ukubumba, kuko rero twabonaga bawukunze kandi koko uramutse uvuguruwe ugashyirwa ku rwego rwiza wabyara umusaruro, hari bagenzi babo bamwe bageze ku ntambwe ishimishije, kubumba amavaze meza anahenda, twashakaga rero kubafasha kubancadra (kubahuza), bajye muri koperative tubafashe, noneho bakore bya kinyamwuga kandi bibazanire inyungu.”
Yunzemo ati, “Ibumba koko riva kure ariko hari koperative imwe y’abahejejwe inyuma n’amateka na yo iri mu Murenge wa Rukoma twafashije kugira ngo ibone aho ikura ibumba, bitabahenze ndetse n’ibijyanye n’imisoro tubibakuriraho, bari batangiye rero twaravugaga ngo duhere kuri abo ngabo na bagenzi babo bajye baza babigireho ariko badufashe gukomeza kubamobiliza (kubumvisha) kuko mu biganiro byinshi bibaturukamo ubona umwuga bakunze cyane kandi bibonamo ni ukubumba ariko bakagira ikibazo cy’ubushobozi buke, kugira ngo babikore neza, mu buryo buri modern (bugezweho) kandi bunatange umusaruro ariko kandi n’ikibazo cyo kubona ibumba gikemuke.”
Kayitesi avuga ko ubuyobozi burimo kureba ukuntu buri wese atabumba ku giti cye, ahubwo bagakorera hamwe kugira ngo ubwo bufatanye bwabo bubafashe guhaza isoko rihari, ndetse abakeneye ibyo bakora babisange aho babikorera, ntibibe ngombwa ko babyizanira i Kigali.
Ati, “Urumva nibakora koperative hazabaho kubashakira ubufasha, kuko n’ubundi hari amakoperative yandi tujya dutera inkunga, kubafasha kubahuza n’amabanki n’uburyo bashobora kubona inguzanyo mu buryo bworoshye, bakore ibintu byiza birambye ndetse si na ngombwa ko babigemura ahubwo n’isoko rijye ribasanga aho bari.”
Uko amikoro yiyongera ni ko turushaho kubitaho – MINALOC
Ku ruhande rwa Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, ntitangaza umubare w’Abanyarwanda amateka yerekana ko basigaye inyuma kuko nta barura ryabo ryakozwe, ariko igaragaza umubare w’abafashwa n’ubufashwa bahabwa.
Umunyamabanga Uhoraho muri MINALOC, Ingabire Assumpta, yabwiye Imvaho Nshya ko aba Banyarwanda bafashwa mu buryo butandukanye, kandi ko “uko amikoro y’igihugu agenda aboneka ni na ko gahunda zo gufasha abatishoboye zikomeza kongererwa imbaraga. Ndetse n’umubare zigeraho ukagenda waguka.”
Avuga ko Leta n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo bamaze kubakira imiryango 6.426 y’abo amateka agaragaza ko basigaye inyuma, mu gihe hagaragara ingo 2.475 zifite ubutaka bwo guhingaho, bubyazwa umusaruro ubatunga, nubwo ngo “hagiye hagaragara ikibazo cy’abahawe ubutaka nyuma bakaza kubugurisha bahenzwe.”
MINALOC ishimangira ko imiryango 1.798 yahawe inka, indi ihabwa amatungo magufi muri gahunda ya “Minimum package to support graduation” n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bafite ibikorwa byo kwita ku batishoboye. Kuri ibi hiyongeraho ko abo amateka agaragaza ko basigaye inyuma bari mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’Ubudehe bishyurirwa Mituweli na Leta.
Mu burezi, MINALOC isobanura ko ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho by’ishuri (amakayi n’umwambaro w’ishuri), imiryango idafite ubushobozi bwo kwibonera ibyo bikoresho ifashwa kubibona binyuze mu mafaranga yoherezwa mu Turere (social protection earmarked transfer) ndetse n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa batandukanye.
Umunyamabanga Uhoraho muri MINALOC, Ingabire Assumpta ati, “Ku bageze igihe cyo kwiga kaminuza ndetse n’imyuga, buri mwaka MINALOC yohereza mu Turere ingengo y’imari ingana na 95.899.994 frw agenewe kwita ku burezi bw’abanyarwanda amateka agaragaza ko basigaye inyuma guhera mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2011/12. Buri Karere kabona hagati ya 2.954.876 na 6.215.741 buri mwaka. Hamaze kwigishwa abana 156 muri Kaminuza n’amashuri makuru kandi iyi gahunda irakomeza. Urubyiruko rungana 1.068 rwafashijwe kwiga imyuga muri VTC zitandukanye kandi ruhabwa n’ibikoresho by’ibanze. Mu rwego rwo gufasha abana bo muri iki cyiciro kwiga amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye, MINEDUC yashyizeho amabwiriza agamije kubafasha kwigira ubuntu no guhabwa ibikoresho by’ishuri.”
MINALOC isobanura ko abo amateka agaragaza ko basigaye inyuma bitabwaho no muri gahunda zigamije guteza imbere ubukungu, aho bakangurirwa wese gukorana n’ibigo by’imari biciriritse ndetse no kwibumbira mu makoperative. Muri urwo rwego, “Abanyarwanda amateka agaragaza ko basigaye inyuma 4.162 bakorana na SACCOS” kandi “hari n’abandi bibumbiye mu makoperative atandukanye agamije kubateza imbere,” nk’uko Ingabire abihamya. Atanga urugero rw’abo mu Karere ka Rubavu mu Murenge wa Rugerero, ahari Koperative yitwa Abishyize hamwe ikora ibijyanye n’ibikomoka ku ibumba.
Mu gihe benshi bavuga ko Gahunda ya VUP yashyizweho na Leta hagamijwe kurandura ubukene bukabije mu banyarwanda itarabageraho, MINALOC ivuga ko “imiryango y’abanyarwanda amateka agaragaza ko basigaye inyuma bafashijwe muri iyi gahunda bagera ku 4.371 mu nkingi za VUP zose mu mwaka wa 2017.”
Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu (MINALOC) kandi ivuga ko hakomeje ubukangurambaga mu guhindura imyumvire, aho abo amateka agaragaza ko basigaye inyuma bashishikarizwa kujya mu nzego z’ubuyobozi, kwimakaza isuku, kuboneza urubyaro, imirire myiza, kwitabira gahunda z’irangamimerere, kubana byemewe n’amategeko no kwandikisha abana.
Ingabire ati, “Leta ishyira imbaraga mu gukangurira abantu kwitinyuka bakajya mu myanya y’ubuyobozi. Hari bamwe mu bo amateka agaragaza ko basigaye inyuma bari mu myanya y’ubuyobozi. Ubushakashatsi bwa IPAR (2012) bugaragaza ko hari abayobozi b’Imidugudu 220, abo utugari 26, ndetse 9 mu buyobozi bw’Imirenge. Muri icyo cyiciro harimo abashinzwe ubukangurambaga mu ngo z’abo amateka agaragaza ko basigaye inyuma bitwa Imboni z’imiyoborere myiza zifasha abandi mu bukangurambaga ndetse no kubashishikariza kwitabira gahunda za Leta (urugero mu Karere ka Nyaruguru mu Murenge wa Mata);
Mu Turere tumwe na tumwe hari aho usanga hari abahagarariye urubyiruko muri Njyanama (Mu karere ka Rusizi mu murenge wa Nyakarenzo, akagali ka Rugerero mu mudugudu wa Kabuye hari umusore uhagarariye urubyiruko muri njyanama y’akagali naho mu karere ka Nyamasheke Umurenge wa Kagano hari umugore uba muri komisiyo y’amatora ndetse n’umugore umwe wungirije intore yo ku mukondo akaba ari Intore yo ku ruhembe.”
Guhezwa no kwiheza
Kimwe mu bibazo bibangamira iterambere ry’abo amateka agaragaza ko basigaye inyuma, ni uko banenwa, ariko na bo bakiheza ntibisange mu bandi Banyarwanda uko bikwiye.
Iyo ni imwe mu nzitizi zagaragajwe n’inyigo yakozwe n’imiryango ikorera ubuvugizi icyo gice cy’Abanyarwanda irimo Minority Rights Group International (MRG), African Initiative for Mankind Progress Organization (AIMPO) na Women’s Organization for Promoting Unity (WOPU), yamuritswe mu kwezi gushize.
Muri iyo nyigo, habajijwe abo amateka agaragaza ko basigajwe inyuma 235 bo mu turere twa Nyagatare, Gatsibo, Burera, Musanze na Nyabihu, bagaragaje uko babayeho, bitanga ishusho y’ibibazo bafite.
Muri bo, 123 bangana na 52,3% bavuze ko batakandagiye mu ishuri, 97 bangana na 41.3% bize amashuri abanza gusa, 12 (5,1%) bize amashuri yisumbuye mu gihe umwe rukumbi (0,4%) ari we wize kaminuza.
Kuki benshi muri bo batize? Bavuga ko bazi umumaro wo kwiga, ariko bakavuga ko abana babo bata ishuri kubera kubura amafunguro, ndetse bakabura n’amikoro yo kugura ibitabo n’imyambaro y’ishuri.
Babajijwe niba basobanukiwe icyo uburenganzira bwa muntu ari cyo, 50,2% basubije ko ntacyo babiziho, bakagaragaza ikibazo cy’ubukene nk’imwe mu mpamvu ituma batabishakaho amakuru.
Babajijwe niba uburenganzira bwabo bwari bwahutazwa, abenshi (59,1%) bavuze ko bitarabaho, abandi bavuga ko byabayeho, ndetse ngo iyo bagaragaje ibibazo n’ibitekerezo byabo ntibihabwa agaciro.
Ku kijyanye no kugaragaza ibibazo bahura na byo iyo bahohotewe, 32% bavuga ko badakurikirana dosiye zabo kuko bihenze, mu gihe 37,2% bavuga ko batazi inzego babikurikiranamo n’inzira babinyuzamo.
Ku kibazo cy’uburyo gahunda za Leta zigamije kuzamura abakene zibageraho, 74,9% bagaragaje ko Girinka itarabageraho, mu gihe abasigaye bavuze ko bitaweho n’inzego z’ibanze bahabwa inka.
Abo amateka agaragaza ko basigaye inyuma babajijwe muri iyi nyigo kandi, 82,9% bavuze ko batagerwaho na Gahunda y’Ubudehe yashyizweho na Leta mu rwego rwo kurwanya ubukene.
Ababarirwa muri 76,5% kandi, bavuze ko batagerwaho n’ibyiza bya VUP, ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze bukavuga ko biterwa no kuba batitabira uko bikwiye inama zitoranywamo abagenerwabikorwa b’iyo gahunda.
Mu bwishingizi bwo kwivuza bwa mituweli, ubwitabire ho buri hejuru, aho 81,% bavuze ko bafite ubwishingizi, mu gihe abasigaye bagaragaje ko ubwishingizi buhenze ku buryo bananiwe kubwigondera.
Mu gihe Leta ishyize imbere gahunda y’Uburezi kuri bose, iyi gahunda ntiragera neza muri iki cyiciro cy’Abanyarwanda, kuko 56% mu babajijwe muri ubu bushakashatsi bavuze ko itarabageraho.
Mu rwego rw’imari, 86,7% bagaragaje ko batazi iby’imikorere y’ibigo by’imari n’inyungu ziri mu kubiyoboka, mu gihe 13,3% ari bo bavuze ko babisobanukiwe ndetse bahawe inguzanyo muri banki.
Mu bijyanye n’imiturire, aba banyarwanda biganjemo abatuye mu nzu mbi (lack of adequate housing) bari ku ijanisha rya 58,3%, aho baba mu nzu nto ndetse ugasanga iyo habonetse inzu imwe bayijyamo ari benshi.
Abakoze iyi nyigo basabye Leta kongera ingengo y’imari igenerwa gahunda ziteza imbere abatishoboye barimo n’iki cyiciro cy’Abanyarwanda, no kubashishikariza kwitabira gahunda z’iterambere.
Yanditswe na Janvier Popote, itangazwa bwa mbere n’Imvaho Nshya.
