Ubushakashatsi bukorwa mu Rwanda kimwe no mu bindi bihugu, busuzuma ibintu bike cyangwa byinshi, hakabazwa abantu bake cyangwa umubare munini bitewe n’ikigamijwe mu byitwa surveys.
Hakabaho n’ubushakashatsi bugera kuri buri mu muturage utuye mu gihugu, bureba ibintu byinshi ariko nta n’umwe urengejwe ingohe, ubu bukitwa census. Ni bwo twibandaho muri iyi nkuru.
Buri myaka icumi, mu Rwanda hakorwa census yitwa Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire (Population and Housing Census, PHC); kuri iyi nshuro hagiye gukorwa ‘census’ ya Gatanu.
Ibarura rya mbere ryabaye ku butegetsi bwa Habyarimana mu 1978, ubwa Kabiri bukorwa mu 1991 ariko ibyabuvuyemo ntibyamurikwa, ubwa Gatatu buba muri 2002, ubwa kane bukaba ubwa 2012.
Mu byo ibarura riba rigamije, hari ugukusanya amakuru atandukanye afasha igihugu mu igenamigambi nko kumenya ngo igihugu gituwe n’abaturage bangahe, abagabo ni bangahe, abagore ni bangahe.
Hanasuzumwa umubare w’abana n’abakuze, imirimo bakora, uko babyara, amadini basengamo, ubwishingizi bakoresha mu kwivuza n’ibindi, ibi bikaba bireba Abanyarwanda n’abanyamahanga.
Ni akazi kaba katoroshye kanakenera abantu benshi bahuje imbaraga kugira ngo kabashe gutunganywa.
Kuri ubu, biteganyijwe ko mu gihugu hose hazaba hari abakarani b’ibarura hafi ibihumbi 25.
Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire ni umwe mu mishinga y’ibanze Igihugu gishingiraho kugira ngo kigene ibigomba gukorerwa abaturage byabageza ku majyambere arambye mu bijyanye n’ubukungu n’imibereho yabo ya buri munsi.
Abayobozi ku nzego zose bakeneye kumenya umubare w’abaturage bayobora kugirango bashobore gutegura igenamigambi rihamye, bazi neza abo bateganyiriza uko bangana, ibyiciro by’imyaka y’amavuko barimo, uko batuye n’uko biyongera.
Kugirango ibyo byose bishoboke, buri muntu asabwe kwibaruza, nta n’umwe wibagiranye cyangwa ngo yibaruze kabiri.
Ba Nyir’ingo cyangwa ababahagarariye basabwe gutanga ibisubizo nyabyo bagaragaza imibereho bwite yabatuye urugo bose kugira ngo ingamba zizafatwa zizabe zije gukemera koko ibibazo nyakuri byagaragajwe n’ibisubizo byatanzwe na buri rugo cyangwa ikigo.
Ijoro ry’ibarura
Amabarura yose amaze kuba mu Rwanda, akusanya imibare y’abaraye mu rugo ku itariki 15 Kanama, ni umunsi Abakilisitu Gatulika ari na bo benshi mu gihugu bizihizaho kujyanwa mu Ijuru kwa Mariya.
Uwo munsi ushaka wawita Asomusiyo nk’uko bimenyerewe muri Kiliziya Gatulika, cyangwa se Ijoro ry’Ibarura nk’uko byitwa mu ibarura. Umumaro wawo mu ibarura ni ntagereranywa.
Abaturarwanda bose basabwa gusobanukirwaicyo twita« Ijoro ry’Ibarura ». Ni ijoro ngenderwaho mu gikorwa cy’Ibarura. Iryo joro rizaba ari kuwa 15 rishyira uwa 16 Kanama 2022.
Bene ingo basabwa kwibuka (bishobotse bakaba banabyandika ahantu) abazaba baraye mu ngo zabo muri iryo joro n’abazaba bataharaye ariko basanzwe baba mu rugo hamwe n’abashyitsi bagendereye urugo bakaharara muri iryo joro.
Ibibazo byose abakarani b’ibarura bazabaza ku munsi uwo ari wose muri iyi minsi 15 igenewe ibarura biba bireba iryo joro.
Abakarani b’ibarura bakusanya amakuru mu gihe cy’iminsi 15 uhereye ku itariki 16 Kanama, ni ukuvuga umunsi umwe nyuma ya Asomusiyo, kugeza ku itariki 30 z’uko kwezi kwa munani.
Bivuze iki? Bivuze ngo umukarani w’ibarura ashobora kugera iwawe tariki 23 Kanama ariko akakubaza amakuru yo kuwa 15 Kanama akaba ari yo yandika aho kukubaza ay’umunsi akugereyeho.
Bitewe n’uburemere Asomusiyo cyangwa kujyanwa mu Ijuru kwa Mariya bihabwa, biroroshye ko umuturage amenya abantu baraye iwe kuri uwo munsi kurusha uko wamubaza undi munsi ntabyibuke.
Ngira ngo impamvu hakusanywa amakuru ya tariki 15 irumvikanye. Ariko se kuki harebwa tariki 15 z’ukwa munani, kuki atari ukwa kabiri cyangwa ukwa cumi na kumwe? Impamvu ingana ururo.
Bishingira ahanini ku kuba Kanama ari ukwezi usanga akenshi nta mvura ikurimo, uba wizeye gusanga mu rugo bene urugo cyangwa ababahagarariye, abo mu mashuri na bo baba bari mu biruhuko.
Kuko ibarura riba rikeneye amakuru y’abantu bose, ubundi bikunze yose ukayakusanya umunsi umwe ni bwo wabona uko igihugu cyose gihagaze, ariko birumvikana ko bitapfa gushoboka.
Biragoye kubona uburyo bwo kugera kuri buri rugo mu mamiliyoni y’ingo ziri mu Rwanda. Ni yo mpamvu amakuru akusanywa mu gihe cy’iminsi 15, buri rugo rukaba rugomba kubarurwa
Udupande
Kugira ngo amakuru akenewe akusanywe neza, ingo zishyirwa mu byo bita udupande, utu tukaba uduce duto umukarani w’ibarura azakoreramo, buri gapande kakaba gafite ingo 150.
Ibarura nyirizina rizakorwa umwaka utaha wa 2022 ariko nyine habanje imirimo yo gukora udupande kandi ubu iyo mirimo yararangiye. Yatangiye mu Gushyingo 2020 irangira muri Kamena 2021.
Muri iki gihe cyo kwitegura ibarura rusange (preparation phase) hakorwa icyitwa Pilot Census cyangwa se Ibarura Mbonera cyangwa Ibarura Gerageza, ari byo bigezweho ubu, iri rigasuzuma ibiki?
Muri pilot census ababishinzwe basuzuma niba ibibazo bizabazwa mu ibarura byumvikana neza (questionnaire), bakareba niba udupande twarakozwe neza nta gapande karenze umudugudu etc.
Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire rikorwa n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (NISR). Muri Pilot Census kinashaka (recruit) abakarani b’ibarura ndetse kikanabahugura ku mirimo ibategereje.
Iki kigo cya NISR ubusanzwe gihamagaza itangazamakuru mu gihe cyo kumurika ibyavuye mu ibarura, ariko kuri iyi nshuro hari impinduka: abanyamakuru bazabikurikirana kuva bigitangira.
Mu yandi magambo, nka pilot census imaze iminsi itandatu itangiye (kuva kuwa 15 Kanama 2021), abanyamakuru bagiye kuyikurikirana mu buryo bwa hafi, aho boroherezwa kujya mu ntara zose.
Ibizaba muri iri barura mbonera bizagereranywa n’ibizava mu ibarura rusange habeho kugereranya amakuru. Iryatangiye ubu (mbonera) rirakorerwa mu dupande 600 mu gihugu hose.
Nta murenge utarimo nibura agapande kamwe, ni ukuvuga ko amakuru azatangwa n’iri barura mbonera azatanga ishusho y’igihugu nubwo nk’uko nabisobanuye hejuru, iri barura ryo ritagera ku ngo zose.
Uko iminsi yicuma ni ko ikoranabuhanga rikataza. Mbere wasangaga umukarani w’ibarura yikoreye umuba w’impapuro, ubu si ko bigenda, amakuru akusanyirizwa muri porogarame ya telephone.
Bivuze ngo umukarani iyo aje akakubaza niba inzu yawe isakaje amabati cyangwa ifite sima, amakuru akuye iwawe arara ayohereje kuri seriveri akamutanga i Kigali. Ikoranabuhanga ni akagabo!
Kuki pilot census irimo gukorwa mu kwa cyenda?
Ibarura mbonera ubusanzwe na ryo rikorwa mu kwa munani mu kwezi gukorwamo ibarura rusange, ariko ababishinzwe mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare basobanura ko “byatewe na kovidi”.
Ingamba zo kwirinda gukwirakwira kwa korona virusi, zatumye mu kwa munani hari ibice bimwe by’igihugu byari muri Guma mu Rugo ku buryo ibarura ritari gukunda mu bihe nk’ibyo.
Bimwe mu bibazo wakwibaza ku ibarura rusange
Umukarani w’ibarura ageze iwanjye kuwa 25 Kanama nkamuha amakuru yo kuri Asomusiyo, uwaba yaravutse tariki 19 Kanama aramwandika? – Usibye n’abavuka hari n’abapfa. Abo bazabarwa mu ibarura rusange ritaha, irigezweho rikusanya amakuru yo kuwa 15 Kanama gusa.
Nonese ko umuturage ataba yiteguye kuzabazwa abaraye iwe kuri Asomusiyo, amakuru aha abakarani b’ibarura aba afite ukuhe kuri? – Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare gitegura abaturage binyuze mu matangazo acishwa mu binyamakuru, mu nsengero, abaturage bakamenya ko ibarura ryegereje kandi ko amakuru yo kuri Asomusiyo bazayabazwa, bityo ushoboye kwandika akandika abaraye iwe hanyuma yabibazwa akabyibuka bitamugoye.
Uwaraye ahatari iwe abarwa ate? – Abarwa aho asanzwe ku munsi wa Asomusiyo, hanyuma iwe akabarwa nka absent resident, ni ukuvuga umuntu usanzwe aba ahantu ariko uwo munsi adahari. Resident cyangwa umuntu utuye ahantu, mu ibarura ni umuntu umaze ahantu amezi 6 cyangwa munsi yayo ariko afite gahunda yo kuzayarenza.
Abaraye mu tubyiniro no mu nsengero mu Ijoro ry’Ibarura cyangwa ku Munsi wa Asomusiyo babarwa bate? – Abo ntibajya babarurwa ku tubyiniro kuko abakarani b’ibarura batagera mu tubyiniro cyangwa mu nsengero, ahubwo babarurwa iwabo nka absent residents.
Ijoro ry’Ibarura nirihura na Guma mu Rugo bizagenda bite? – Ibyo kugeza ubu nta gisubizo bifitiwe, NISR izagendera ku murongo Guverinoma izashyiraho.
Abari muri mabuso cyangwa mu bigo by’inzererezi babarurwa bate? – Abo ngabo, NISR ikorana n’inzego zibashinzwe nka Polisi, RCS (abari mu magereza), n’izindi, abo babarwa mu byiciro byihariye (special groups). Abantu batuye mu bigo nk’inkambi z’abasirikare, abagororwa bari muri gereza, abarwayi bari mu bitaro n’abandi nk’abo babarurwa mu buryo bwihariye.
Abarwayi bari kwa muganga bo bite? – Abo ngabo babarurwa mu ngo zabo
Naho abanyeshuri? – Abo na bo babarurwa iwabo. Ababarurwa ku mashuri ni bamwe badataha bazwi ko baguma ku mashuri no mu biruhuko.
Amabarura yabanje ntiyagaragaje abafite ubumuga, kubera iki? – Icyo kibazo cyaragaragajwe hanyuma NISR yemeranya n’Inama y’Igihugu y’Abafite Ubumuga ko kuri iyi nshuro abafite ubumuga bazabarurwa ndetse hari ibibazo bigera kuri birindwi bibareba by’umwihariko bizabazwa mu ibarura.
Umugabo ufite abagore benshi abarurwa ku ruhe rugo? – Abarurwa ku rugo rukuru, ni ukuvuga umugore yashatse mbere (si uwo basezeranye).
Iyo ubajije umuturage ubushobozi bwe ntashobora kukubeshya ko akennye wenda ngo umushyire mu bo ufasha? – Birashoboka, ariko abakarani b’ibarura basabwa kwandika amakuru bahawe si ayo bazi, hagenderwa ku cyizere. Abaturarwanda basabwa kumenya ko igikorwa cy’Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire ntaho gihuriye n’igenzura ry’imisoro, iyandikwa ry’ubutaka cyangwa ubundi buryo bw’iperereza n’ibindi.
Abakarani b’ibarura bo babarurwa na nde? – Ingo zabo na zo zirabarurwa, zibarurwa n’abakarani bagenzi babo cyangwa bakazibarurira mu gihe urugo rwawe rwaba ruri mu gapande ushinzwe kubarura.
Abasirikari batuye mu makaritsiye bo babarurwa mu bigo bya gisirikari cyangwa mu ngo zabo? – Babarurwa mu ngo zabo nk’abandi baturage
Ibindi wamenya
Mu 1991 hakozwe ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire rya Kabiri, ariko NISR ivuga ko ibyarivuyemo bitatangajwe, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yabaye bitaratangazwa.
Imibare y’abaturage yo mu ibarura ryo muri 2002 ni mito ugereranyije n’iyayibanjirije kuko hari benshi bari barapfuye kubera Jenoside, ariko iyo muri 2012 yari minini kuko abantu bororotse cyane.
Birumvikana ko nyuma yo gupfusha, urokotse ari umwe cyangwa akisanga nta kana asigaranye kandi agifite ubushobozi bwo kubyara, ashyira ingufu mu kubyara kurusha utaragize icyo kibazo.
Mbere yo gutangira ibarura, ingo zose zishyirwaho nimero kubera impamvu nyinshi zirimo gufasha ubarura kumenya urugo yagezeho n’urwo atarageraho.
Izo nimero zifasha umukarani w’ibarura kutagira urugo asimbuka cyangwa ngo arubarure kabiri.
Ba Nyir’ingo bagomba kwirinda gusiba izo nimero igihe cyose ibarura rizaba ritararangira mu Gihugu kabone n’ubwo ingo zabo zaba zabaruwe.
Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire ntirihagarika imirimo isanzwe ikorerwa mu Gihugu. Ba Nyir’ingo cyangwa ababahagarariye basabwa guhana gahunda n’abakarani b’Ibarura y’igihe ingo zabo zizabarurirwa bityo bakikomereza imirimo yabo.
Kuva kuri uyu wa 23-29 Kanama 2021, abanyamakuru bazajya mu ntara zitandukanye ahabera ibarura mbonera (pilot census) ku buryo Abanyarwanda bazajya bamenyeshwa amakuru hakiri kare.
Ibi birerekana imikoranire myiza Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (NISR) gifitanye n’Itangazamakuru, ndetse no kumva umumaro wo guha abaturage amakuru ku gihe.
Uturere abanyamakuru bagiye kwerekezamo ni dutanu two mu Ntara enye: Musanze, Rubavu, Huye, Karongi na Nyagatare, ibyo kumurikirwa ubushakashatsi batazi uko bwakozwe ntibikigezweho.
Amakuru akubiye muri iyi nkuru ashingiye ahanini ku kiganiro umukozi wa NISR akaba n’inararibonye mu Ibarura Rusange ry’Abaturage n’Imiturire Uwayezu Beatrice yahaye abanyamakuru kuwa 22 Kanama 2021.
Yanditswe na Janvier Popote
