Guhungira ubwayi mu kigunda. Guhunga igihugu cyawe, aho uhungiye ukahasanga amabi arenze ayo uhunze. Ugahambira utwangushye ugatera ibitambwe birebire, wagera mu buhungiro abo uhungiyeho bakaguhoza ku nkeke ngo usubire iwanyu. Ni ibintu bitoroheye Abarundi bahungiye muri Tanzania.
Abapolisi ba Tanzania ngo baramumanitse, bamukubita iz’akabwana ariko aranangira, yanga kwemera ko ayobora inyeshyamba zigamije guhirika ubutegetsi bw’u Burundi, kugeza ubwo yumvise bamutera ibintu mu dusabo tw’intanga, tumwe bita testicules mu Gifaransa, ni bwo yemeye ko yari mu mugambi wo guhirika Leta.
Avuga ko yemeye ibintu atazi iyo biva n’iyo bijya, adafitemo uruhare na ruto, ngo byari bigoye kuba ibisobanuro atanga byakumvikana mu gihe yafashwe amafoto ari mu myigaragambyo yo kwamagana ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Pierre Nkurunziza.
Umunsi umwe, imbonerakure ngo zashyize agasaraba k’umutuku ku muryango w’inzu ye, ziragenda zigaruka mu masaha y’ijoro ngo zisoze umugambi zari zamucuriye. Mu mwaka wa 2016, yambutse umupaka w’u Burundi ubuzima abukomereza mu nkambi y’impunzi muri Tanzania ariko abagabo bo mu Mbonerakure baramukurikira. Ngo ni ibisanzwe ko binjira mu nkambi z’impunzi z’Abarundi muri Tanzania babifashijwemo n’Igipolisi cya Tanzania, bafite intonde z’impunzi zitavuga rumwe na Leta y’u Burundi zihabwa n’inzego zishinzwe ubutasi. Amakuru akavuga ko imiryango y’abahigwa iha amafaranga Imbonerakure kugira ngo zitagirira nabi bene wabo.
Abafatwa n’Imbonerakure, hafi ya bose ngo baba bashinjwa gutunga imbunda binyuranyije n’amategeko cyangwa gucura imigambi yo gutembagaza ubutegetsi bw’u Burundi. Ibi ni bimwe mu bikubiye muri raporo nshya y’Umuryango Uharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu, Human Rights Watch yasohotse tariki 30 Ugushyingo 2020. Gumana nanjye Janvier Popote, turebere hamwe ibikubiye muri iyi raporo.
Iyi raporo iravuga ko kuva mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2019, abayobozi ba Tanzania bahohoteye nibura impunzi 18 z’Abarundi ndetse n’abasaba ubuhungiro. Abandi ngo barashimuswe, kugeza ubu nta wuzi aho baherereye. Hagati y’Ukwakira 2019 na Kanama 2020, Igipolisi cya Tanzania n’inzego zishinzwe ubutasi ngo bashimuse Abarundi babamarana ibyumweru byinshi kuri Sitasiyo ya Polisi ya Kibondo iri mu Ntara ya Kigoma, babakorera iyicarubozo ndetse babafungira ahantu hateye isoni. Batatu ngo baje kurekurwa baguma muri Tanzania, abandi umunani basubizwa mu Burundi ku ngufu, bahageze inzego z’u Burundi zirabafunga, zibagumana zityo nta cyaha bashinjwa. Kuva muri Mutarama 2020, Igipolisi cya Tanzania ngo cyataye muri yombi izindi mpunzi 7, abo bo bakaba barakuwe mu nkambi za Mtendeli na Nduta na zo zo mu Ntara ya Kigoma hafi y’umupaka wa Tanzania n’u Burundi.
Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa wa Human Rights Watch muri Afrika, Mausi Segun, yagize ati, “Ishimutwa ry’impunzi z’Abarundi rikorwa n’inzego z’ubuyobozi za Tanzania ni ibyaha by’ubugome. Leta ya Tanzania igomba, mu maguru mashya kandi mu buryo butabogamye, gukora amaperereza ku bibazo by’Abarundi bashimutwa bagakorerwa iyicarubozo ndese bagashyikirizwa Leta y’u Burundi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Leta ya Tanzania igomba kubikurikirana igahana ababigizemo uruhare.”
Abarundi basaga ibihumbi 150 ni impunzi muri Tanzania, benshi muri bo bahunze ibihe bibi igihugu cyabo cyinjiyemo mu mwaka wa 2015 ubwo Perezida wariho icyo gihe Pierre Nkurunziza yafataga umwanzuro wo kwiyamamariza manda ya gatatu. Leta y’u Burundi ikaba ihamagarira Abarundi bahunze gutaha.
Hagati ya Kanama n’Ugushyingo 2020, Human Rights Watch ivuga ko yaganiriye kuri telephone n’abantu 23 bahohotewe, abatangabuhamya n’imiryango y’abahohotewe. Ibyo bavuze, ngo byashimangiwe n’abayobozi bo mu nkambi z’impunzi batifuje ko imyirondoro yabo ijya ahagaragara. Amakuru yakusanyijwe agatunga urutoki ubuyobozi bwa Tanzania. Abarundi 9 ngo bavuze ko bafunzwe ibyumweru byinshi imiryango yabo itazi aho bari. Mu minsi bamaze kuri Sitasiyo ya Polisi ya Kibondo, abashinzwe ubutasi muri Tanzania ndetse n’abapolisi ngo babahataga ibibazo bijyanye n’imikoranire bashinjwa kugirana n’udutsiko twitwaje intwaro, ibikorwa byabo mu nkambi, abandi bagasabwa gutanga amafaranga kugira ngo barekurwe. Bakavuga ko bafungiwe mu byumba bitagira amadirishya kandi bitarimo umuriro, aho ngo baje kuhabakura babajyana ku kibuga cyo kuri iyo sitasiyo hanyuma babajyana mu yindi nzu babahambira amaboko babamanika ku gisenge bararereta.
Impunzi yamaze iminsi 23 kuri Sitasiyo ya Polisi ya Kibondo, muri Nyakanga 2020, ivuga ko bamanikwaga mu gisenge hakoreshejwe amapingu babaga bambitswe ku maboko. Ati, “Twaratabaje ukagira ngo barimo kutubamba, baravuga ngo bakeneye miliyoni y’amashilingi”, aya ahwanye n’ibihumbi nka 400 by’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda. Avuga ko yababwiye ko nta mafaranga afite, abapolisi bamubwira ko ashinjwa kugumura impunzi azibuza gusubira mu Burundi, ati, “Bakoresheje amareyo y’igare mu kudupfumura udusabo tw’intanga hanyuma bagashyiraho urusenda, baratubwira ngo bagiye kutwica.” Uyu ngo bamubwiye ko baguma bamufunze cyangwa se bakamusubiza mu Burundi ku ngufu, yavuze ko aho gukomeza kumufungira aho hantu bamusubiza mu Burundi. We n’inzi mpunzi 7 basubijwe mu Burundi muri Kanama 2020, kugeza ubu ngo baracyafungiye muri Gereza ya Muramvya n’iya Bubanza mu Burundi. Bavuga ariko ko abashinzwe ubutasi mu Burundi, muri uko kwezi kwa munani babagejeje imbere y’abashinze ubutabera ariko nta mwunganizi bafite, uwo ngo asubiramo ibyo bashinjwaga na Tanzania byo kuba ngo bafite imigambi yo guhungabanya u Burundi. Nyuma yo kuregwa ibi byaha, basubijwe muri gereza. Kuva ubwo, uko ari umunani ngo ntawe urongera guca iryera umucamanza.
Imiryango yabo yagejeje ibibazo kuri UNHCR, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Mpunzi. Human Rights Watch ngo yegereye HCR, HCR ivuga ko bihangayikishije cyane kuba Abarundi bivugwa ko bashimutwa n’ubutegetsi bwa Tanzania, HCR ikavuga ko ibyo bibazo yabigaragarije Leta ya Tanzania mu nyandiko no mu magambo inshuro nyinshi, isaba ko hakorwa amaperereza. HCR iti, “Tumaze gusaba kenshi Leta gukurikirana ibi bibazo, Leta ya Tanzania muri Kanama 2020 yamenyesheje UNHCR ko hari gukorwa amaperereza yo ku rwego rwo hejuru ariko ntibaratumenyesha ibyavuye muri ayo maperereza. Dukomeje kuganira na leta kuri bibazo nk’ibintu bikwiye kubonerwa umuti mu maguru mashya.” UNCHR isoza igira iti, “Umutekano w’impunzi ni inshingano y’igihugu cyazakiriye, bityo turasaba Leta ya Tanzania gukora ibishoboka byose mu kurinda impunzi z’Abarundi nk’uko babyiyemeje mu masezerano mpuzamahanga bashyizeho umukono.”
Human Rights Watch ikavuga ko kuwa 26 Ukwakira 2020, yohereje amabaruwa menshi agaragaza ibyavuye muri maperereza yayo ku bibazo by’impunzi zishimutwa zikanakorerwa iyicarubozo ndetse zigasubizwa mu Burundi ku ngufu, ayo mabaruwa yohererezwa inzego za Tanzania zitandukanye zirimo Ubushinjacyaha ndetse n’abashinzwe impunzi ku rwego rwa minisiteri, ndetse n’Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Polisi. Human Rights Watch ikavuga ko kuwa 18 Ugushyingo, yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga na Minisitiri w’Ubutabera ku ruhande rwa leta y’u Burundi, isaba amakuru ku mpunzi 8 zifungiye muri Gereza ya Muramvya n’iya Bubanza. Ariko aba baminisitiri kugeza ubu ngo nta makuru baratanga.
Human Rights Watch ikavuga ko gusubiza impunzi mu gihugu yahunze kandi bigaragara ko nta mutekano iza kuhagirira, binyuranyije n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga ajyanye no kurengera uburenganzira bw’impunzi yashyizweho hagamijwe kwirinda ko impunzi yasubizwa mu gihugu yavuyemo ikahatoterezwa, igakorerwa iyicarubozo ndetse ikaba yahatakariza ubuzima.
Komisiyo yashyizweho n’ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe Uburenganzira bwa Muntu, Human Rights Council, yashyizweho ngo igenzure iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Burundi, yavuze ko kuva mu mwaka wa 2019 impunzi zitahuka zitotezwa n’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze n’urubyiruko rw’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi ruzwi nk’Imbonerakure, ndetse iyi komisiyo ikavuga ko bamwe byabaye ngombwa ko basubira mu buhungiro kubera umutekano wabo wari wugarijwe. Human Rights Watch ikavuga ko ihangayikishijwe no kuba Abarundi basubizwa mu Burundi ku ngufu bahahurira n’uruva gusenya kimwe n’abagiye batahuka mu bundi buryo.
Tanzania izwiho gucumbikira impunzi kuva kera, ndetse hari ibihumbi byinshi by’Abarundi bahawe ubwenegihugu bwa Tanzania, abo ni abahungiye muri Tanzania mu 1972, gusa ngo Tanzania ikaba izwiho no gucyura impunzi mu buryo bw’agahato. Kugeza kuwa 30 Ukwakira uyu mwaka, Tanzania yari icumbikiye impunzi z’Abarundi zibarirwa mu bihumbi 150 mu nkambi za Nduta, Nyarugusu na Mdenteli ziganjemo izahunze kuva mu mwaka wa 2015.
Kuva muri Nzeri 2017 kugera muri Nzeri 2020, impunzi z’Abarundi zibarirwa mu bihumbi 100 zasubiye mu Burundi nyuma y’amasezerano yasinywe hagati ya leta y’u Burundi, iya Tanzania na HCR igomba kuganira n’abatahuka ngo yumve niba koko batahutse ku bushake bwabo. HCR yakomeje gushyimangira ko idashishikariza impunzi gutaha, ahubwo ko icyo ikora ari ugufasha izifashe umwanzuro wo gutaha ku bushake bwazo. Ikavuga ko yamenyeshejwe ko Tanzania ifite umugambi wo gufasha impunzi z’Abarundi ibihumbi 20 gutahuka kuva muri Nzeri kugera Kuboza 2020.
Muri Werurwe 2018, Tanzania n’u Burundi bemeranyije gucyura impunzi ibihumbi 2 ku cyumweru, ariko bigeze muri Kanama 2018 impanze zombi zisinya amasezerano yo gucyura impunzi mu gihugu zaturutsemo ku neza cyangwa ku nabi, mbere ya tariki 31 z’uwo mwaka. Human Rights Watch ikavuga ko mu Kuboza 2019, umwuka w’ubwoba, gutabwa muri yombi no gushimutwa wari mwinshi mu mpunzi z’Abarundi ziri muri Tanzania, bigatuma ababishoboye basohoka igihugu bagashaka ahandi bahungira hanze ya Tanzania. Human Rights Watch ikavuga ko Leta ya Tanzania itayemereye kugenzura neza ngo irebe niba Abarundi batahuka batahuka ku bushake bwabo cyangwa niba bacyurwa ku ngufu. Gusa Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa Tanzania, Kangi Lugola, agahakana ko abarundi bacyurwa ku gahato, agahamya ko icyo Leta z’ibihugu byombi zikora ari ukubashirikariza gutaha babyihitiyemo.”
Nyuma y’Amatora ya Perezida mu Burundi yabaye muri Gicurasi 2020, Leta yakomeje gushishikariza Abarundi bari mu buhungiro gutahuka, mu mbwirwaruhame yo kurahirira kuyobora iki gihugu, Perezida Evariste Ndayishimiye yarabishimangiye, asaba Abarundi gutahuka, ariko aniyama ibihugu bibabuza gutahuka. Uruzinduko rwe rwa mbere hanze y’igihugu yarukoreye mu Ntara ya Kigoma muri Tanzania muri Nzeri 2020.
Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga arengera Impunzi yo mu mwaka wa 1951 “1951 Refugee Convention” ndetse n’Amasezerano Nyafurika arengera Impunzi yo mu mwaka wa 1969 “1969 African Refugee Convention”, abuza gucyura impunzi ku ngufu no mu bundi buryo bwose bushobora gukoreshwa impunzi zigasubizwa mu gihugu bigaragara ko zitaza kukigiriramo amahoro. HCR ivuga ko gucyura impunzi ku ngufu bibaho iyo Leta yanze gucumbikira impunzi cyangwa igihe Leta yirukanye impunzi, ndetse bikabaho igihe impunzi ishyizweho igitutu cyinshi mu buryo buziguye ku buryo impunzi yumva ko nta mahitamo ifite usibye kuva mu gihugu yahungiyemo igasubira mu gihugu yahunze. Usibye impunzi, n’abazwi nka asylum seekers, ni ukuvuga abantu baba atari impunzi ariko barahunze ibihugu byabo, bagera mu kindi gihugu bagasaba ko kibacungira umutekano, aba na bo ntibyemewe kubacyura ku ngufu mu masezerano mpuzamahanga kabone n’iyo ibihugu bahungiyemo byaba bitaremera kubacungira umutekano, bapfa kuba babigezemo.
Kubera impungenge zo kuba bagirirwa nabi, Human Rights Watch ivuga ko yirinze gutanga amazina y’impunzi zayihaye amakuru, hirindwa ko na bene wabo babihuriramo n’ibibazo.
Gushimutwa bikorwa bite?
Human Rights Watch ivuga ko amakuru ifite yerekana ko gushimuta bikorwa mu buryo buteye butya, Abapolisi bagera ku rugo rw’uwo bashaka gushimuta mu gicuku hagati ya saa sita na saa cyenda, bakaza bavuga bati, “Msihofu msihofu sisi ni polisi,” bisobanuye ngo “mwitinya mwitinya turi abapolisi.” Abashimuswe bakavuga ko abo bapolisi abenshi baza bambaye imyenda y’igipolisi cya Tanzania ifite ibara ry’icyatsi ariko badafite arrest warrants, ni ukuvuga impapuro zibemerera guta muri yombi. Bamwe mu bashimuswe n’abo mu miryango yabo, bakavuga ko bamwe mu bapolisi bakora operasiyo yo gushimuta ari abapolisi bazwi basanzwe bakorera kuri Sitasiyo ya Nduta n’iya Mtendeli.
Umugore w’imyaka 42 uba mu Nkambi ya Nduta, avuga ko umugabo we yashimuswe muri Gashyantare 2020. Ati, “Baraje bakubita urugi barinjira bati, “Turi abapolisi,” badusaba telefoni yacu, nabasabye ko bareka umugabo wanjye akambara bahita bamwambika amapingu. Mu gitondo twagiye kureba abapolisi barinda inkambi batubwira ko nta mupolisi waje mu nkambi mu ijoro ryahise. Ni nk’aho inzego zose z’umutekano zikorana.”
Undi mugore ufite umugabo washimuswe muri Nyakanga 2020 mu Nkambi ya Mtendeli, we avuga ko yumvise utujwi tw’abantu mu ma saa munani z’ijoro, ati, “bakubise idirishya ry’icyumba turaramo batumurika mu maso bakoresheje itoroshi, bavuga mu Giswahili bati turi abapolisi ntimugire ubwoba mufungure urugi. Badusabye telefoni zacu bahita bambika amapingu umugabo wanjye. Bari abapolisi bambaye imyenda yabo y’akazi y’icyatsi kibisi, umwe muri bo yari afite imbunda, umwe ndamuzi, ni umwe mu bapolisi barinda inkambi.”
Uyu ngo yabyukiye ku biro bya polisi icunga umutekano w’inkambi ngo abaze aho umugabo we bamujyanye n’impamvu bamutwaye, ahahurira n’abandi bagore batanu bafite ikibazo nk’icye. Ati, “Batubwiye ko abagabo bacu batari aho ngaho kandi ko batazi n’aho bari, kugeza uyu munsi sindongera kubona umugabo wanjye.”
Ababuze ababo kugeza ubu bavuga ko batarababona, kandi ngo ugerageje kubaza cyane aho uwe ari bamubikamo ubwoba, umwe yagize ati, “Nyuma nagiye kuri Sitasiyo ya Polisi ya Nduta, kuri iyo nshuro barambwira ngo nukomeza kubaza aho umugabo wawe ari turakujyana aho ari. Kugeza ubu sindamubona, sinzi niba baramwishe bakaba barambwiraga ko nanjye banyica.”
Amasezerano Nyafurika y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu “African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights”, abuza ishimuta, iyicarubozo n’ibindi bikorwa bibabaza umuntu. Aya masezerano Tanzania yayasinye mu 1984 ariko Tanzania ni kimwe mu bihugu bike bitarashyira umukono ku Masezeano Mpuzamahanga y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye abuza iyicarubozo “UN Convention against Torture”. Tanzania kandi ntirashyira umukono ku masezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurinda abantu bose ishimutwa “International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance” usibye ko amategeko mpuzamahanga atemera ibikorwa by’ishimuta n’iyicarubozo.
Uvuye kuri Sitasiyo ya Polisi ya Nduta, mu birometero 11 hari Sitasiyo ya Polisi ya Kibondo, ni mu birometero 25 uvuye kuri Sitasiyo ya Polisi ya Mtendeli. Human Rights Watch ivuga ko yaganiriye n’Abarundi 9 bashimuswe bakajyanwa kuri Sitasiyo ya Kibondo.
Bavuga ko bahafungiwe ibyumweru byinshi kuva mu Kwakira 2019 kugera muri Kanama 2020. Bamwe ngo babanje gufungirwa kuri poste ya Polisi ishinzwe umutekano w’inkambi, hanyuma bajyanwa kuri Sitasiyo ya Kibondo bashyirwa mu cyumba kitagira amadirishya, mu mwijima, ngo barabasohoraga bakabinjiza mu kindi cyumba ariko kiri muri iyo nyubako ubwo babaga bagiye kubahata ibibazo.
Umugabo w’imyaka 32 wahafungiwe ashinjwa gutunga imbunda zigamije gukoreshwa mu guhirika Leta y’u Burundi yagize ati, “Bakoresha n’amashanyarazi mu kukwica urubozo. Ibyo byaha narabihakanye bansaba gukuramo imyenda yose, banyambika amapingu ku maguru no ku maboko barabihuza baramanika hanyuma bakanjomba amareyo y’igare. Bankubise inkoni, bakubita aho bashaka hose, ndatabaza ariko ntibangirira imbabazi, ibyo babinkoreye kenshi nkabasaba kunyica ariko ntibabikora.”
Human Rights Watch isoza isaba Leta ya Tanzania guhagarika ibikorwa byo gushimuta no kwica urubozo impunzi z’Abarundi ndetse no guha amakuru ya nyayo imiryango y’abashimuswe, igasaba u Burundi gufungura impunzi zifungiye mu Burundi nyuma yo kuvanwa muri Tanzania ku ngufu, ibihugu byombi bigasabwa gukurikirana abakoze ibyo byaha bakabiryozwa.
Tanzania: Burundian Refugees ‘Disappeared,’ Tortured
