Perezida wa Sierra Leone, Julius Maada Bio, mu mpera z’icyumweru gishize yasinye itegeko rikuraho igihano cy’urupfu muri iki gihugu cyo mu Burengerazuba bw’Afurika.
Ni nyuma y’aho Inteko Ishinga Amategeko itoye itegeko rikuraho iki gihano gisumba ibindi muri Nyakanga 2021. Perezida Bio yavuze ko kwica umuntu nta bumuntu burimo.
Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu yari imaze igihe yotsa Sierra Leone igitutu ngo ihagarike iki gihano cyatangiye gutangwa mu 1798.
Ni nyuma y’aho u Bwongereza bwari bwashinze Sierra Leone nk’igihugu gituzwamo abacakara barekuwe mu 1787.
Umwaka ushize wasize hari imfungwa 94 zitegereje kwicwa muri Sierra Leone, nk’uko bitangazwa na Minisitiri w’Ubutabera Wungirije, Umaru Napoleon.
Gusa, iki gihano cyaherukaga gutangwa mu 1998, bivuze ko hari abakatirwaga kwicwa ariko imyanzuro y’inkiko ntishyirwe mu bikorwa.
Si umwihariko wa Sierra Leone ariko kuko urebye no mu Rwanda ni ko byari bimeze, iki gihano cyatanzwe bwa nyuma i Kigali mu 1998, gikurwa mu mategeko muri 2007.
Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi Sierra Leone igenda biguru ntege, muri Gicurasi 2021 yarashyize itangaza umugambi wo gukuraho iki gihano nk’uko tubikesha RFI.
Mu itegeko rishya, igihano cy’urupfu kizasimbuzwa igifungo cya burundu cyangwa imyaka 30 y’igifungo ku byaha bikomeye nk’ubwicanyi.
Sierra Leone yiyongereye mu mubare w’ibihugu by’Afurika byakuyeho iki gihano, nyuma ya Chad yagikuyeho umwaka ushize.
Mu mwaka wa 1991, Itegeko Nshinga rya Sierra Leone ryateganyirije igihano cy’urupfu ku byaha by’ubujura, ubwicanyi n’ubugambanyi.
Abaherukaga kwicwa mu 1998 ni abaofisiye 24 bahamijwe ibyaha byo kugerageza guhirika ubutegetsi mu 1997.
Iki gihugu cyanyuze mu bihe bibi by’intambara yo gusubiranamo kw’abenegihugu yo mu 1991-1992 yahitanye abasaga miliyoni 1,2.
Komisiyo y’Ukuri n’Ubwiyunge yashyizweho mu 2005 kugira ngo isuzume ibyabaye muri iyo ntambara, isaba ko igihano cy’urupfu cyakurwaho kuko kidakenewe mu gihugu cy’igisirimu.
Iyo nama ariko nta gaciro yahawe, abayobozi batandukanye barayamaganye ndetse inkiko zikomeza gutanga iki gihano cyatumaga abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bacisha make.
Imibare ya Amnesty International yerekana ko ibihugu 108 byakuyeho iki gihano kugera muri 2020, ibindi 144 byagikuyeho mu mategeko cyangwa mu bikorwa.
Muri Afurika, ibihugu byakuyeho igihano cy’urupfu ni 22 birimo Cape Verde, Mozambique, Namibia, Sao Tome and Principe, Angola, Guinea Bissau, u Rwanda, u Burundi n’ibindi.
Igihano cy’urupfu gitangwa binyuze mu buryo bwo kumanikwa, kuraswa, gucibwa umutwe, guterwa urushinge, kwicishwa amabuye, gutwikishwa amashanyarazi n’ibindi.
60% by’abatuye Isi baba mu bihugu bigifite iki gihano nk’u Bushinwa, u Buhinde, USA, Indonesia, Nigeria, Misiri, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, u Buyapani, Iran na Taiwan.
Kugera mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 19, iki gihano cyatangwaga cyane mu rwego rwo gukumira ibyaha no guhana, dore ko amagereza yari ataratezwa imbere.
Kuri ubu, ahenshi iki gihano gitangwa ku byaha bike nko kwica, iterabwoba, ubutasi n’ubugambanyi.
Hari ahandi usanga abantu bakatirwa urwo gupfa kubera ibyaha birimo gufata ku ngufu, ubusambanyi, ubutinganyi, gusambanya inyamaswa n’ibiyobyabwenge.
U Rwanda mu 2007 rwabaye igihugu cya mbere mu Karere k’Ibyaha Bigari cyakuyeho iki gihano, ruza ku mwanya wa 100 ku rwego rw’Isi.
U Rwanda rwaherukaga gutanga iki gihano muri 2003 ariko abagihawe nticyashyizwe mu bikorwa; cyaherukaga gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu mwaka wa 1998.
Imibare yo muri 2007 ya Amnesty International yerekanaga ko u Rwanda rufite abaturage babarirwa muri 600 bategereje ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’igihano cy’urupfu bakatiwe.
Iryo shyirwa mu bikorwa ntiryabayeho, abaheruka kwicwa ni 22 bo mu 1998, bishwe nyuma yo guhamywa ibyaha bifitanye isano na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Icyo gihe muri 2007, u Rwanda rwasabaga kohererezwa abakekwaho kugira uruhare muri Jenoside bakiri mu mahanga, ariko hakaba imbogamizi ko rufite igihano cy’urupfu.
Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ishishikariza ibihugu kutohereza ukekwaho icyaha mu kindi gihugu, kugira ngo atagerayo agakatirwa igihano cyo gupfa.
Mu Bushinwa no mu Buyapani, igihano cy’urupfu cyigeze gukurwaho mu mategeko, ariko hadaciye kabiri gisubizwaho nyuma y’aho ibyo bihugu bibonye ko byibeshye.
U Bushinwa na Koreya ya Ruguru, bizwi nk’ibihugu bitajya bitangaza amakuru y’abaturage bakatiwe igihano cy’urupfu, ariko bikaba bizwi ko u Bushinwa bwica benshi buri mwaka.
Ibihugu 18 byashyize mu bikorwa igihano cy’urupfu mu mwaka ushize wa 2020; muri 2007 hishwe ababarirwa mu gihumbi nk’uko bitangazwa na Amnesty International.
Mu bihugu byishe benshi umwaka ushize harimo u Bushinwa (1000+), Iran (246+), Misiri (107+), Iraq (45+), Saudi Arabia (27+), Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (17).
