Hashize imyaka 61 kuva Abanyamerika baneshejwe na Fidel Castro muri Cuba mu gitero cyiswe Bay of Pigs Invasion mu Majyepfo y’icyo gihugu giherereye mu Kigobe cya Mexico.
Fidel Castro yishe abamuteye, abamanitse amaboko n’abo yafashe mpiri abuzuza muri gereza, ategeka Amerika kwishyura amamiliyoni y’idolari ngo abafungure.
Ni igitero cyasebeje ubutegetsi bwa John Kennedy wayoboraga Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ndetse n’Ibiro bishinzwe Ubutasi CIA byagiteguye.
Johhny Lopez de la Cruz aribuka umunsi yashyizwe mu gikamyo agafungiranwamo, ari kumwe n’izindi mfungwa 100 batabasha guhumeka neza.
Muri iyo modoka, kwiheba kwari kwinshi, icyuya ari cyose, benshi baburaga umwuka bagasa n’abapfuye kubera ubucucike.
Bari bafite ubwoba ko nibagezwa i Havana bahita banyongwa. Havana ni umurwa mukuru wa Cuba.
Igikamyo cyabagejejeyo hashize amasaha 7 y’urugendo. Abasirikari babakiriye bafungura umuryango, imirambo myinshi bayikuramo.
Muri urwo rugendo rw’amasaha 7, imfungwa zirindwi zapfiriye muri iyo modoka. Johnny de la Cruz yagezweho ngo asohoke, arasimbuka avamo.
Hari izindi mfungwa ngenzi za Johhny zafashwe zizanwa i Havana zitari muri cya gikamyo.
Bose hamwe ni imfungwa 1100. Ni abarokotse muri brigade 2506, brigade y’insoresore zateye Cuba, zigakubitwa inshuro n’ingabo za Fidel Castro.
Benshi muri bo ni abahunze ubutegetsi bwa Castro. Bahawe imyitozo na CIA kugira ngo bajye guhirika ubutegetsi bw’impinduramatwara bwa Castro.
Hari hashize imyaka ibiri Castro afashe ubutegetsi ahiritse ubutegetsi bwa Fulgencio Batista washinjwaga kuyoboza inkoni y’icyuma no kwimakaza ruswa.
Nubwo Castro yazanye impinduramatwara, hari benshi mu baturage batishimiye ubutegetsi bwe, barahafata, bajya mu buhungiro.
Barisuganyije batera Cuba baturutse ahitwa Bay of Pigs, agace ka Cuba ko mu Ntara ya Matanzas iherereye mu Majyepfo y’Igihugu.
Ni igitero Abanyamerika bateguye nabi, abahanga babonaga ko kitaza kugera ku ntego na mbere y’uko gitangira, amakosa ubu ashinjwa ubutegetsi bwa Washington.
Muri White House, Perezida John Kennedy ku munota wa nyuma yahagaritse gahunda yo gukoresha ibitero by’indege byagombaga gukoreshwamo indege z’Amerika.
Kennedy ntiyashakaga ko bigaragara ko Amerika ifite uruhare muri icyo gitero.
Mu mpamvu ze, yabonaga ko Amerika nigaragara muri icyo gitero biza kwica isura yayo mu maso y’umuryango mpuzamahanga.
Yumvaga kandi ko biza guha urwaho Leta z’Ubumwe bw’Abasovieti ziyobowe n’u Burusiya, zigatabara Castro, dore ko Castro yari amaze amezi make atsuye umubano n’abasovieti.
Amerika yumvaga ko Abarusiya nibinjira muri iyo ntambara bashobora gukoresha ibitwaro by’ubumara (nuclear weapons), bigateza Isi akandi kaga nyuma y’Intambara y’Isi ya kabiri.
Mbere y’gitero
Mu 1960 Amerika yahagaritse kugura umusaruro w’isukari ukomoka muri Cuba nyuma y’aho Castro yambuye Abanyamerika ubucuruzi bakoreraga muri Cuba ikabugira ubwa Leta.
Uwo mwanzuro w’Amerika ntiwahungabanyije Cuba kuko Abarusiya bahise biyemeza kugura uwo musaruro ndetse batangira kugurisha Cuba intwaro.
Mbere yo gushwana n’Amerika, Abarusiya benshi ntibari bazi Castro ntibari bazi na Cuba, yewe u Burusiya nta n’umubano ufatika bwari bufitanye n’ibihugu bitutanye na Cuba.
Kumva ko hari umukomunisiti udacana uwaka n’Amerika, ni impamvu yari ikomeye ku Barusiya ngo bagoboke Castro.
Kuba komunisimi cyangwa politiki y’ubukungu busaranganyijwe yatsinda muri Cuba, Abarusiya babonaga ko izahita ishora imizi no mu bindi bihugu byo ku mugabane w’Amerika.
Kuba Castro yagirana ikibazo n’Amerika u Burisiya ntibumufashe, na byo Abarusiya babifataga nk’ibyatuma n’ibindi bihugu by’ibikomunisiti byumva ko nibigira ikibazo bizatereranwa.
Bijya kuzamba ariko, Amerika yahagaritse kugurisha Cuba peteroli, bituma Cuba ihanga amaso Abarusiya, batangira kuyigemurira peteroli yari ikenewe imbere mu gihugu.
Gusa peteroli Abarusiya bahaga Cuba ntabwo yabaga itunganyije. Inganda eshatu zatunganyaga peteroli muri Cuba zari iz’Abanyamerika, zitangira kwanga gutunganya ivuye mu Burusiya.
Ni bwo Castro yafashe umwanzuro wo kwambura Abanyamerika izo nganda, azishyira mu maboko ya Leta.
Amerika byarayibabaje ipanga kumuhirika binyuze mu gutera inkunga abanya-Cuba bahunze ubutegetsi bwe, irabatoza, bambarira urugamba.
Izo nsoresore zahunze Castro ariko, nta myitozo ihagije zari zifite. Mu masaha 72 urugamba rutangiye zari zimaze kuneshwa.
Indege zabagejeje muri Cuba kuwa 17 Mata 1961. Ku gicamunsi cya tariki 19 Mata, bari bamaze gutakaza urugamba. Ubuzima babukomereje muri gereza.
Abarokotse bo muri brigade ya 2506 bateye Cuba, barekuwe nyuma y’umwaka.
Mu 1962 basohotse aho bari bafungiye nyuma y’imishyikirano idasanzwe hagati y’ubutegetsi bwa Fidel Castro n’ubwa John Kennedy.
Kugeza ubu, buri tariki 19 Mata, muri Cuba hizihizwa intsinzi ya Cuba, agahugu gato kanesheje ingabo z’abacancuro zateguwe zinaterwa inkunga n’igihugu cy’igihangange, Amerika.
Amateka y’urugamba
Johnny Lopez de la Cruz ubu afite imyaka 81 y’amavuko, ni umuyobozi wa Asosiyasiyo y’abarokotse igitero cya brigade ya 2506, ya Brigade yateye Cuba.
Ni umwe mu baparakomando barwanye n’ingabo za Fidel Castro zikabanesha. Aradusobanurira uko yahunze Castro n’uko yagarutse kurwanya ubutegetsi bwa Castro.
Ati, “Amaso yanjye yahumutse umunsi Sergeant Benitez yishwe. Yari yarabaye umupololisi ku butegetsi bwa Fulgencio Batista. Ntiyigeze ahunga Cuba kuko yumvaga nta kibi yakoze. Bigitangira nari nshyigikiye Castro. Ntiyigeze avuga ko ari umucommunist. Iyo abivuga nta n’umwe muri Cuba wari kumushyigikira. Hadaciye kabiri abantu batangira kwicwa. Imitungo y’abantu n’ubutaka bitangira gukurwa mu maboko yabo bishyirwa mu maboko ya Leta. Umunsi umwe abasore babiri ba Castro baraza bafata Benitez baramutwara, bajya kumuburanisha. Nari mpari mushyigikiye. Iburanisha ntiryamaze n’isaha. Gusa nta mwanya yahawe wo kuvuga. We n’abandi bagabo bane batangajwe ko ibyaha bibahama, bajanwa ku irimbi rishaje hanze y’umujyi. Barishwe bajugunywa mu cyobo kimwe. Narakangutse. Sinumvaga ukuntu wategeka ko abantu bicwa ngo ibyaha birabahama utanabahaye amahirwe yo kwisobanura. Byari ugukoresha nabi ububasha uhabwa n’amategeko. Ni bwo natangiye kurwanya impinduramatwara ya Castro. Twakoraga utwapa twanditseho ngo “Turambiwe Fidel”, utwo twapa tukatubamba ku nkuta. Hadaciye kabiri babiri mu bo twakoranaga batabwa muri yombi. Abantu bari hafi yanjye bambwira ko ari njye ukurikira. Njye n’abandi bashuti batatu twagiye Havana mu Murwa Mukuru dufata indege tujya i Miami muri Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, tugenda dukoresheje impapuro mpimbano. Ngeze muri Amerika mu 1960 menya ko hari abandi bantu bahunze Castro barimo gutozwa na CIA mu gihugu cya Guatemala ngo batere Cuba. Hashize iminsi mike nagiye kubiyungaho.”
Mu 1959 no mu 1960, ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’abatarakundaga Castro babonaga ko icyatuma bagira amahoro ari uguhunga igihugu cyangwa gufata intwaro bakamurwanya.
Benshi bahungiye muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika nk’igihugu cyashakaga gukora iyo bwabaga ngo cyikize Castro.
Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zari zarababajwe n’ihirikwa rya Fulgencio Batista wafatwaga nk’igipupe cy’Abanyamerika. Uyu yahiritswe kuwa 1 Mutarama 1959.
Amerika ibabazwa kandi no kuba Castro akimara gufata ubutegetsi yarambuye Abanyamerika ibikorwa byabo by’ubucuruzi bakoreraga muri Cuba bikaba ibya Leta.
Castro yabambuye imirima y’ibisheke n’ikawa ndetse n’ibirombe by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, tutibagiwe n’inganda zitunganya peteroli.
Amerika nk’igihugu cyavugaga rikijyana mu karere giherereyemo, nticyumvaga ukuntu haza umuyobozi utacyumva, byongeye agatsura umubano n’Ubumwe bw’Abasovieti.
Hagati ya Cuba na Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika harimo ibirometero 144. Castro yari ihwa mu kirenge cy’Amerika, Amerika yagombaga kwihandura.
CIA, Minisiteri y’Ingabo Pentagon, Ibiro by’Umukuru w’Igihugu White House, ku butegetsi bwa Dwight Eisenhower bacuze imigambi yo gukura Castro ku Isi y’abazima.
Ni igitekerezo bumvaga ko bitazabagora kugishyira mu bikorwa kuko muri Amerika hari impunzi nyinshi z’Abanyacuba.
Bafashemo impunzi 1400 barazitoza.
Ubutasi bwa Cuba ariko na bwo ntibwari bworoshye. Bwamenye amakuru ko hari umugambi mubisha urimo gucurwa, ingabo za Cuba ziryamira amajanja.
Jorge Ortega Delgado ni umwe mu basirikari barwanye ku ruhande rwa Cuba. Aribuka uko igitero cyagenze n’uko bakiburijemo. Ubu afite imyaka 78 y’amavuko.
Ati, “Nkomoka mu muryango w’abantu bishoboye ariko bitari cyane. Castro yafashe ubutegetsi mfite imyaka 15 y’amavuko. Ndi mu ba mbere binjiye mu ngabo ze akimara guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Fulgencio Batista. Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zatangiye kwivanga, zishaka gutera Cuba. Mu kwezi kwa 10 mu 1959 umutwe w’abarwanyi bo kuburizamo ibyo bitero by’Abanyamerika warashinzwe. Ninjiye muri uwo mutwe mu 1959 mpabwa imyitozo muri uwo mwaka no mu mwakwa wakurikiyeho wa 1960. Ahagana mu mpera z’imyitozo, Umugaba w’Ikirenga w’Ingabo Fidel Castro yaje aho twatorezwaga, avuga ko ashaka kutuganiriza. Twageraga mu 1500. Yasabye abafite munsi y’imyaka 20 kujya mu mutwe w’ingabo zirashisha imbunda zihanura indege (anti-aircraft artillery). Icyo gicamunsi nasabye ababyeyi banjye uburenganzira bwo kujya muri uwo mutwe, baranyemerera. Nahise njya mu mutwe wari ufite nimero 30. Ni bwo batangiye kutwigisha uko uhanura indege.
Uko gahunda yari ipanze
Ukuntu CIA na Perezida Eisenshower bari yapanze igitero, abarwanyi bo guhirika Castro bagombaga guhagurukura i Puerto Cabezas mu gihugu cya Nicaragua.
Indege zagombaga kubatwara zikagwa hamwe n’umujyi wa Trinidad, umwe mu mijyi ya Cuba iri mu Majyepfo y’Igihugu.
Gahunda yari uko nibahagera bahashinga Leta nshya y’abarakare bahunze Castro, iyo Leta igahagama ubutegetsi bwa Castro, igashyigikirwa na Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Trinidad iri hafi y’umusozi wa Escambray wari usanzwe urimo abarwanyi bigometse ku butegetsi bwa Castro.
Abo byari bipanze ko baziyunga kuri uwo mutwe mushya wa brigade ya 2506 bagafatanya mu kurwanya Castro mu ntambara y’uduteroshuma.
Kugira ngo indege z’abarwanyi bahunze Castro zigwe ku butaka bwa Cuba nta kibazo kibaye, indege 16 z’indwanyi zagombaga kubanza gusenya ibibuga by’indege bikomeye bya Cuba.
Ibyo byagombaga gukorwa kugira ngo abateye igihugu babashe kugenzura ikirere cya Cuba no kugikoreramo ibyo bashaka.
Uyu mugambi ariko wahindutse mu buryo bukomeye ubwo Perezida Dwight Eisenhower yavaga ku butegetsi, agasimburwa na John Kennedy muri Mutarama 1961.
Kennedy yemeye gukomezanya n’igitekerezo cyo guhirika Castro, ariko yanga igitekerezo cyo kugaba ibitero by’indege kuri Trinidad, avuga ko ibyo bitero bikozwe ku manywa.
Peter Kornbluh, umuyobozi w’ububiko bw’inyandiko zirebana na Cuba mu bubiko bw’inyandiko za Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika aragira ati,
“Kennedy yashakaga guhakana uruhare rw’Amerika urwo ari rwo rwose mu gitero. Amerika yagombaga gufashwa rwihishwa. Indege z’Amerika kugwa ku butaka bwa Trinidad ku manywa y’ihangu, Kennedy yabonaga ko bihita bigaragara ko ingabo zateye zikomeye cyane, bityo Amerika bikamenyekana ko ibiri inyuma.”
Uyu muhanga yungamo ati, “Operasiyo byari bipanzwe ko iba mu ibanga rikomeye. Kennedy yahaye CIA iminsi itatu ngo operasiyo inozwe neza, mu gihe iyo operasiyo yari imaze igihe gisaga umwaka inozwa.”
Ni amakuru Kornbluh yakuye muri raporo yari imaze imyaka 37 yaragizwe ibanga.
Mu gihe indege z’Amerika ziharurira inzira ibitero by’Abanyacuba zagombaga kuba 16 nk’uko byari byaremejwe ku butegetsi bwa Eisenhower, Kennedy yategetse ko zigabanuka zikaba 8.
Kennedy anategeka ko aho zagombaga gutera hahinduka, ndetse n’amasaha ziteraho agahinduka.
CIA yaramwumviye, ibitero biterwa aho yashakaga ariko biza kugaragara ko ahagabwa ibitero hatari hakwiye habe na mba: Muri Bay of Pigs, ahantu hagoye kugenda mu majyepfo ya Cuba.
Muri ako gace, imipaka y’igihugu irarindwa cyane. Ni ibishanga bituma ababinyuramo batabasha kwihuta.
Hafi ya Bay of Pigs hari ikibuga cy’indege, abateye Cuba bari bapanze ko ari ho bazajya baza kunywesha indege zabo.
Tariki 15, umunsi wo gusenya ibibuka by’indege bya Cuba
Jorge Ortega Delgado, tariki 15 Mata 1961 yari yamaze gutegura imbunda ye irasa indege, ariko kuko atari azi itariki umwanzi aza kugaba igitero, yumvaga agomba kujya mu karuhuko gato.
Ariko bitunguranye uwo munsi, urusaku rw’icyuma kimenyesha ko abasirikari bagomba kwambarira urugamba kiravuga.
Indege zateye Cuba zari zimaze kurasa ku bibuga bibiri by’indege mu Murwa Mukuru Havana, ikindi kibuga cyarashwe ni icyo muri Santiago, Santiago mu Burasirazuba bwa Cuba.
Jorge Ortega Delgado aradusobanurira icyakurikiyeho. Ati, “Twahise dusohoka, twategetswe gusohokana imbunda tujya ku nkengero z’inyanja. Tuhageze batubwira ko uwo munsi indege y’abacancuro yateye ibirindiro by’ingabo zacu zirwanira mu kirere zica abasirikari 7 bacu. Abasore twarimo twahise tugira umurava, ntitwumvaga ukuntu umwanzi yatumenyera. Twumvaga dufite umuhamagaro wo gukora ibishoboka byose tukarengera igihugu cyatubyaye.”
Izo ndege zateye Cuba zari iz’Abanyamerika. Igitero cy’abarwanyi bahunze Cuba cyari giteguye ko kiba ku itariki 17, mbese izo ndege z’Amerika zaharuriraga inzira abahunze Cuba.
Indege 7 z’Amerika zahagurukiye i Puerto Cabezas muri Nicaragua, ziraza zitangira kumisha amabombe ku mujyi wa Santiago de Cuba wo muri Cuba.
Andi mabombe ziyasuka ahitwa Ciudad Libertad, andi ziyamena i San Antonio de los Banos mu Murwa Mukuru Havana.
Castro yari yamenye imigambi y’umwanzi mbere.
Indege za nyazo yari yazihungishirije aho umwanzi atazi.
Indege zatwitswe n’umwanzi aho zari ziparitse mu birindiro bitandukanye by’ingabo zirwanira mu kirere ni izapfuye n’izindi zashaje zitagikora.
Airforce ya Castro ni nk’aho ntacyo yabaye nubwo hari abasirikari bake bahasize ubuzima.
Ingabo za Castro zabashije guhanura indege imwe muri izo zari zateye.
Nyuma y’ibitero, indege ifite ibirango bya Cuba yaguye ku kibuga cya Key West i Florida muri Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Umupilote wayo yavuze ko ari umusirikari wa Cuba utorotse igisirikari cya Castro. Cyari ikinyoma. Ni umwe mu basirikari CIA yari yaratoje mu mugambi wo guhirika Castro.
Kennedy na CIA bari babipanze batyo, kugira ngo byumvikane ko ari abarwanya ubutegetsi ba Cuba baburwanya bari imbere mu gihugu, atari ababurwanya bateye baturutse hanze.
Kornbluh ushinzwe ububiko bw’impapuro z’ibikorwa bya gisirikari muri Amerika ati,
“Inkuru y’uwo musirikari wavugaga ko atorotse ubutegetsi bwa Castro yamaze amasaha make. Nubwo Amerika itashakaga ko bimenyekana ko ifite uruhare muri icyo gitero, Isi yose yamenye ko byose byakozwe n’Amerika.”
Kennedy akimara kumenya ko amahanga yatangiye kuvumbura ko ari we wateye Cuba, yategetse ko nta bindi bitero byo mu kirere bigomba gukorwa.
Johny Lopez de la Cruz, wa musirikari wahunze Castro uri mu bagabye igitero, ati, “Mpora mvuga ko urugamba twarutsinzwe tutaranarutangira.”
Urugamba nyirizina rwo kuri 17 Mata
Saa saba z’ijoro amato azanye abarwanyi bateye Cuba yaraje aparika ahitwa Larga mu gace ka Bay of Pigs.
Amato yaje bucece, nta gusakuza. Gutungura ingabo za Cuba ni yo yari gahunda.
Ariko amezi make yabanje, Castro yari afite amakuru y’uko ashobora guterwa. Yari azi ko kurwana na Amerika ari nk’intambara ya Dawidi na Goliath, yari yiteguye neza.
Kornbluh ati, “Castro yari afite abasirikari bagenzura imipaka yose y’igihugu. Umwe muri abo basirikari bari kuri patrouille yumvise agasaku. Bacanye amatara, batangira kurasa. Abateye na bo bararasa. Abateye babasha gufata bamwe mu barwanyi ba Castro, ariko mbere yo gufatwa bari bamaze guhuruza bakoresheje uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga. Ibyo gutungura byo ntibyari bigihari, kuko ingabo za Castro aho ziri zose zamenyeshejwe ko igihugu cyatewe, maze zihutira gusubiza inyuma abateye bari mu ndege zitegura kumanuka.
Humberto Lopez Saldaña, ubu afite imyaka 84 y’amavuko. Yahunze ubutegetsi bwa Cuba mu 1960 ahungira muri Amerika, bidatinze yinjira muri brigade y’abatorezwaga gutera Cuba.
Aragira ati, “Twagowe na byinshi. Twatangiye kurwana hakiri kare. Byatumye indege zari zije mu kirere zitinda kugwa. Ikindi, amato yacu yari mato cyane. Ubwo barasaga bwose bwahitaga bushwanyuka. Benshi bararohamye barapfa. Indege zakomeje kugwa kugeza mu masaha y’igitondo. Nka saa kumi n’ebyiri bukeye indege za Castro zaraje, zimisha ibibombe hafi yacu. Amato yacu wagiraga ngo akoze mu mpapuro. Bidatinze ikibombe kiba gifashe ubwato narimo bwitwa Houston. Twagize ubwoba, benshi mu bo twari kumwe barapfa. Twari dufite amasasu menshi n’ibibunda byahanura indege ariko byasabaga ko tubanza tukagera hakurya imusozi ngo tubashe kubikoresha. Byose byarangijwe.”
Jorge Ortega, umwe mu ngabo za Cuba zarwanyije umwanzi avuga ko we na bagenzi be batorejwe guhanura indege batatinze kugera muri Bay of Pigs, 17h30’ kuwa 17 Mata 1961.
Ahageze yasanze umwanzi afite abasirikari bagera mu 1200 babashije kuva mu mazi utabariyemo abandi bazanwe n’indege ikabasiga hafi aho.
Ortega aribuka umwanzi atangira kurashisha biri bibunda bigenda bikikijwe n’iminyururu bizwi nka tanks. Ati, “Tariki 16 twumvise imbwirwaruhame ya Fidel Castro yunamira inzirakarengane 7 zarashwe n’umwanzi. Mu nzira tugana mu murwa mukuru Havana, abaturage barazaga ku mihanda aho twanyuraga badupepera bafite utudarapo twa Cuba, badusaba ngo dukore iyo bwabaga tuneshe umwanzi.”
Muri iyo mbwirwaruhame ni bwo Castro yatangaje ko impinduramatwara yazanye ari iya gikomunisiti, asaba abaturage gushyigikira ingabo mu guhashya umwanzi.
Ku itariki 18 Mata, Ortega yabonye indege z’umwanzi. Ni bwo bwa mbere yari agiye guhanura indege. Ati, “Twese tugira ubwoba. Uwakubwira ibindi yaba akubeshya. Ariko ureba ukuri iruhande wabona nta gihunga afite nawe kigashira. Iyo utangiye kurasa, usa n’umusazi ubwoba bukagukamukamo.”
Uwo munsi, we n’ingabo ze bakomeje kurwana n’umwanzi ahitwa Larga. Ati, “Mu gitondo cya tariki 19 Mata twabashije kubona ukuntu imwe mu ndege twahanuye yaguye mu nyanja. Indi ndege yaguye mu murima w’ibisheke. Uwungirije pilote yarahiye kugeza apfuye, ariko pilote yasimbutse mu mutaka agerageza gutoroka. Yaguye mu mirwano yishwe n’abasirikari bacu.”
Perezida Eisenhower yari yarapanze ko ku itariki 17 hari indege zizaza zirasa, nyuma y’izindi zagombaga kubanza gusenya Cuba kuwa 15 Mata.
Ibyo Kennedy yabicishijemo akarongo. Abateye igitero baneshwa basa urugamba rugitangira.
Indege z’Abanyamerika zagombaga gufasha abanya-Cuba batojwe ntizahawe uburenganzira.
Abanyacuba bisanze mu rugamba badafite ingufu zihagije zo kurutsinda.
Indege zabo zagombaga kunywa benzine yari yazanwe mu mato, ariko ayo mato yarabuze, gahunda yo kunywera ahitwa Giron ipfa ityo.
Hagombaga gushakwa ahandi indege zinywera, byasabye ko zijya zikora urugendo rw’amasaha ane kugenda no kugaruka zikajya kunywara mu gihugu cya Nicaragua.
Buri uko zagarukaga muri Cuba zabaga zifite isaha imwe gusa yo kurasa zigasubira muri Nicaragua.
Byageze aho abari mu ndege bakuramo zimwe muri mashinigani zari mu ndege kugira ngo indege idakomeza kuremera, ariko byatumye babura ibirwanisho kuko babaga babisize.
Mu masaha 24 yakurikiye ibitero byo kuwa 17 Mata, abateye bari bamaze gutakaza amato abiri muri atandatu bazanye ndetse na kimwe cya kabiri cy’indege zabo.
Amato asigaye yahungiye rwagati mu mazi kure cyane kugira ngo ingabo za Castro zidakomeza kuyarasa.
Kuwa 19 Mata indege enye z’Abanyamerika zahagurukiye muri Nicaragua zijya gufasha ba basirikari bagabye ibitero basaga n’abatereranwe.
Ingabo za Castro zahanuye izo ndege. Lopez de la Cruz ati, “Ntibagombaga gupfa ariko bumvaga ko bagomba kudutabara.”
Guhanura indege z’umwanzi, gusenya amato ye ndetse asigaye agahungira mu nyanja kure, byeretse Castro ko umwanzi adakomeye.
Castro yategetse ko ingabo ze zisatira umwanzi zigakora igishoboka cyose ngo adahunga.
Ibikamyo byatangiye kwisuka, byuzuye abasirikari, ibirwanisho, indege z’indwanyi.
Ku munsi wa gatatu w’imirwano, abateye Cuba bari bamaze gushiranwa n’amasasu, nta ndege basigaranye, inzira bagombaga kunyuramo bahunga zafunzwe.
Saa kumi n’imwe n’igice z’umugoroba, abari bagihumeka bamanitse amaboko, bishyira mu biganza by’ingabo za Cuba.
De la Cruz uri mu barokotse ati, “Biragoye kumenya ngo hapfuye bangahe. Hari abari mu mato yarohamye, abo ntitwabashije kubabara.”
De la Cruz uyobora Asosiyasiyo y’abarwanyi bagabye kiriya gitero barokotse, avuga ko agereranyije hapfuye 113 hakomereka abandi 100.
Ku ruhande rwa Cuba, umwe mu basirikari ba Castro bahabije umwanzi Jose Ramon Fernandez, mu gitabo yanditse afatanyije na Castro bavuze ko Cuba yapfushije abasirikari 176.
Agasuzuguro
Kornbluh ukora mu bubiko bw’inyandiko z’intambara ku ruhande rw’Amerika, avuga ko icyo gitero cya Bay of Pigs kigaragaza ukuntu CIA yapanze nabi cyane.
CIA yasuzuguye Castro irakabya.
Abayobozi ba CIA bibwiraga ko Castro adakunzwe n’abaturage, ko nihagira utera igihguu aturutse hanze abaturage bamushyigikira ariko kwari ukwibeshya.
Kornbluh ati, “Ukuri ni uko Castro yari akunzwe cyane hariya hantu ibitero byagabwe. Yari yarabahaye amashanyarazi, abaha n’inkunga zo guteza imbere ubuhinzi. CIA yashingiye ku makuru adafite ishingiro. Kwibwira ko abasirikari 1400 baza gutera igihugu gifite ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’abasirikari bagatsinda, ni ukwibeshya gukabije.”
Muri gereza
Abasirikari 1100 mu bateye Cuba barafashwe bajya gufungirwa i Havana mu Murwa Mukuru wa Cuba. Humberto Lopez Saldaña aribuka uko byari bimeze umunsi bafatwa.
Ati, “Mbere yo kutwohereza mu magereza Che Guevara yaraje. Aratubaza ngo mwari mutunzwe n’iki mbere yo guhunga Cuba. Yari atuje ariko numvaga ko igihe icyo ari cyo cyose yakora mu mbarutso akandasa. Bazanye ibikamyo byinshi, kimwe muri byo cyari kirimo abantu bacucitse. Cyari gifunze cyane. Icyenda mu nshuti zanjye zapfiriyemo. Igikamyo narimo cyo cyari gifite idirishya rifunguye. Mu nzira twanyuragamo abaturage baratwamaganaga ngo “Mwa bacancuro mwe, mwaraguzwe, tuzabica. Tugeze i Havana twafungiwe muri gereza ya Castillo de Principe. Ntabwo twafashwe neza. Bimwe mu byumba bya gereza byari bicucitse cyane kandi twararaga hasi. Kubona isegereti byari ikibazo, zimwe mu mfungwa zapfuye kunywa itabi zikoze mu bishishwa by’amacungwa. Ubwo twabaga tujyanwe ku rukiko, umucungagereza yashoboraga kukujomba bayoneti utarebye neza ngo umwitaze. Buri gice cya gereza wasangaga dufungiwemo turi nka 150. Ariko twese hamwe twari dufite ubwiherero bumwe. Baduhaga agakombe k’ikawa ariko mu by’ukuri yabaga ari amazi mabi. Akenshi baciragamo mbere yo kuguhereza agakombe. Umugati wabaga ukomeye nk’urutare, kandi bawujugunyaga hasi ukawitorera. Byasabaga kuwujandika mu mazi kugira ngo ubashe kuwuhekenya. Ibiryo byari imbonekarimwe.
Lopez de la Cruz yamaze amezi atatu afungiye mu kato kuko yagerageje gutoroka, afatwa nk’imfungwa idashobotse.
Kubera iyo mpamvu ubwo izi mfungwa zafungurwaga yarekuwe mu za nyuma, mu ndege ya nyuma yahagurutse muri Cuba ikabasubiza i Miami. Hari kuri Noheli mu 1962.
Perezida Kennedy wa Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika yari yohereje umunyamategeko wo kujya kuganirana imishyikirano na Castro.
Uwo munyamategeko James Donovan muri Gashyantare 1962 yari yagiye nanone mu mishyikirano yo guhererekanya imfungwa hagati y’Amerika n’u Burusiya.
Gufungurwa
Umunyamategeko James Donovan yageze i Havana bwa mbere kuwa 30 Kanama 1962.
Ku munsi akurikiyeho yahuye na Perezida wa Cuba Fidel Castro, bagirana ibiganiro byamaze amasaha ane.
Mu mezi yakurikiyeho, Donovan yahuye na Castro kenshi baraganira.
Ibiganiro kuri Castro, byasabaga ko Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zishyura ibyo zangije mu ntambara kugira ngo arekurwe imfungwa.
Mbere yo gufungurwa, imfungwa zari zaburanishijwe ku byaha by’ubugambanyi.
Benshi bumvaga ko nta kabuza bazaraswa urufaya rw’amasasu, ariko bakatiwe gufungwa imyaka 30.
Urukiko rwategetse ko Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zigomba kwishyura Cuba miliyoni 62 z’idolari kugira izo mfungwa zirekurwe.
Mu kwezi kwa 12 1962, Donovan yemeranyije na Castro ko Amerika yishyura miliyoni 53 z’idolari, izo miliyoni ariko zikavunjwa mu miti n’ibiryo bigahabwa abaturage ba Cuba.
Imiti n’ibiryo byatangiye kugera muri Cuba kuwa 23 Ukuboza 1962, indege ya mbere ya Pan American airlines itwara imfungwa za mbere izijyana i Miami muri Amerika.
Imfungwa zageragara i Miami zikakirwa n’imbaga y’abaturage babarirwa mu bihumbi 100 bishimye, bakakirirwa ahitwa Dinner Key.
Ubwo ku rundi ruhande ni ko Cuba yishimira intsinzi ebyiri, kuba yaratsinze urugamba, no kuba itsinze urundi rugamba rwo guhabwa indishyi.
Lopez de la Cruz aribuka ari mu ndege ya nyuma ya Pan American airlines, arebera mu idirishya yumva ko bitazamworohera kugaruka muri Cuba.
Ati, “Abantu baravuga ngo twaguranwe ibiryo, ariko ntabwo byadukojeje isoni. Kuko gufungurwa kwacu kwatumye Cuba ihabwa imyambaro myinshi, ibiribwa n’imiti, Leta yabikwirakwije mu baturage.”
Ntarasubira muri Cuba kugeza ubu.
Kuri Jorge Ortega, Lopez de la Cruz na bagenzi be bateye Cuba bazahora bafatwa nk’abanzi b’igihugu.
Ati, “Sinzi ko nzagira amahirwe yo guhura n’umwe mu baduteye ngo dusangire ikinyobwa. Ndibwira ko byaba bigoye kubera ukuntu batumye bagenzi bacu bicwa bakaswemo ibice. Nta birenze kuko Cuba ikunda ibiganiro by’amahoro ariko hari ibigoye kwiyumvisha. Mu gihe tugifite ibihano bya Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika ntabwo nahura na bariya bagabo. Abo muri brigade ya 2506 ni abacancuro kuko bigurishije ku gihugu cyabaguze. Bazahora ari abanzi bacu. Kugeza ubu aho bari i Miami bahora bashyigikiye ibihano Amerika yadufatiye, ni abanzi b’igihugu cyatubyaye. Ni byo koko Perezida Obama yasuye Cuba asaba ko habaho ibigabiro, ariko ntitwakwirengagiza ko yanasabye ko twibagirwa amateka. Amateka ntiyibagirana, ahora agezweho.
Byinshi mu biganiro byo mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi Amerika yafatiye Cuba nyuma y’aho Cuba yambuye Abanyamerika ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi, biracyahari.
Abagambanyi muri Cuba, intwari i Miami
Muri Cuba, igitero cya Bay of Pigs gifatwa nk’ubushotoranyi bwakozwe n’abagambanyi baguzwe na Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
Buri tariki 19 Mata muri Cuba haba hari umuhango urimo akarasisi ka gisirikari, hizihizwa icyo Cuba yita “Itsindwa rya mbere rya ba gashakabuhake muri Amerika yo Hagati.”
I Miami muri Amerika, si ko bo babyumva. Hari ibibumbano ndetse n’inzu ndangamateka y’ubutwari bw’abari bagize Brigade 2506 yateye Cuba.
Lopez de la Cruz avuga ko nyuma y’imyaka 61, abarokotse kriya gitero batabasha kuvuga ku mubare w’abanyacuba bo ku ruhande rwa Castro bishwe.
Mugenzi we Lopez Saldaña yungamo ati, “Ukuri ni uko byaruta simvuge. Twari tubizi ko tugiye ku rugamba ariko ntawe uzakubwira ko yari ashimishijwe no kwica abantu. Twarwanaga n’abavandimwe bacu. Ugenda uzi ko ugomba kwica cyangwa ukicwa. Ubu ariko biratandukanye. Twese twari Abanyacuba, ariko kiriya gihe twumvaga tugomba kubohora Cuba tukayivana mu bizazane yarimo.”
Abarokotse ruriya rugamba, n’ubu baracyiyumvisha ko ubutegetsi bwa Cuba buzahirima bakiriho.
Hari abaperezida babiri b’Amerika bavuga ko bigoye kubababarira. Kennedy na Obama.
Lopez de la Cruz ati, “Kennedy kiriya gitero cyari kimurenze. Yakoze ubuswa. Nubwo yashakaga kurinda Amerika ariko byaragaragaraga ko abantu bazabona ko ituri inyuma. Nyuma y’imyaka ndumva icyemezo cye ariko ukuri ni uko benshi mu bo twari kumwe bamufata nk’umugambanyi kubera ibyo yakoze.”
Naho Obama we, Lopez Saldaña ati, “Yashakaga kuba inshuti ya Castro ashaka ko baganira, ariko nta kigenda cye. Cuba yafunguye amarembo ariko ntihagira igihinduka. Politiki ye ni iy’akaga.”
Muri Florida hari benshi mu bahunze ubutegetsi bwa Cuba bashyigikiye ibihano Amerika yafatiye igihugu bakomokamo.
Bafata brigade ya 2506 nk’umutwe w’abarwanyi bagaragaje ubutwari. Lopez Sardana ati,
“Turanyuzwe cyane. Twakoze ibyo twagombaga gukora nubwo tutageze ku ntego yacu. Hano i Miami abantu baratwubaha. Donald Trump ubwe yahuye natwe kenshi turaganira. Mu kwezi kwa 9 2020 yadutumiye mu biro bye, bidutera ishema.
Reka nsoreze aha ngaha, amakuru menshi ari muri iyi nkuru nyakesha BBC Mundo
