Murebwayire Virginia w’imyaka 55 akora ubuhinzi bw’amatunda ku butaka bwa hegitari mu Murenge wa Gishari mu Karere ka Rwamagana. Afatanya n’abana be bavuye ku ntebe y’ishuri bakabura akazi.
“Akazi hanze aha karabuze”, uku ni ko yabwiye Popote.rw ubwo yamusuraga mu murima we, aho avuga ko abo bana be batandatu bose barangije kaminuza bagashaka akazi kugeza igihe batakabonye.
“Bajya mu yindi mirimo ariko bakamfasha, ni ukuri abana banjye bambara neza, basa neza n’ibyo bibanza bazagenda babyubaka kuko ni amaboko yabo.”
Ibibanza avuga ni ibyo amaze kugura, abikesha umusaruro w’ubuhinzi bw’amatunda akora kuva mu mwaka wa 2015. Ni ubuhinzi yinjiyemo ashaka uko yakwiteza imbere ntahore ateze amafaranga ku mugabo we.
Ati, “Mu cyumweru nkora uko nshoboye kose ku buryo nsarura kabiri, ubundi nkunda gusarura kuwa Kabiri, nkongera kuwa Gatandatu.”
Ubuhinzi bwaramukundiye, bumuhindurira ubuzima. By’umwuhariko muri uku kwezi kwa Karindwi turimo, yatangiye gusarura amatunda yateye mu kwa Mbere.
Ati, “Ubu ngubu amatunda ntabwo aragera igihe cyo kwera neza kubera ko ni mashyashya, ariko nageza nko mu kwezi kwa Munani azaba atangiye gukomera, mu kwezi kwa Cumi na Kabiri nzaba ngeze mu rwego rwo gusarura ibiro nka 400 cyangwa 500 ku cyumweru, ubu ngubu nsarura ibiro 100.”
Mbere y’umwaduko wa Koronavirusi, amatunda ya Murebwayire yagemurwaga mu mahanga n’umuguzi Garden Fresh, ariko nyine kubera ihagarikwa ry’ingendo z’indege isoko rye ryo hanze yararitakaje.
Murebwayire ati, “Nagurishaga ikilo ku mafaranga 1000, nkasarura ibiro 400 bakampa ayo mafaranga yanjye ibihumbi 400 ku cyumweru, ariko ubu ngubu urabona indege ntabwo zikigenda kandi amatunda yanjye akenshi Garden Fresh yayajyanaga hanze, ubu ngubu ndasarura ibilo 100 bakampera kuri 500 kuri bariya bantu dukorana bo mu isoko, ubu cyokora tugeze kuri 600.” Agurisha abacuruzi bo mu masoko ya Kimironko na Nyabugogo mu Mujyi wa Kigali.
Icyo kibazo ariko gisa n’ikiri mu nzira zo gukemuka, kuko sosiyete nyarwanda y’ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere RwandAir yatangaje ko yiteguye gusubukura ingendo zijya mu mahanga kuwa 1 Kanama 2020.
Itunda, nk’uko Murebwayire abisobanura, ni igihingwa gishobora gukiza umuturage cyane. Ati, “Itunda ryanguriye ubutaka, nk’ubu nakubwira ngo mfitemo abakozi 6, umwe utera umuti hano agakurikirana n’ibya hano, mfite n’undi ukora muri aya ngaya (yo hepfo), mfite n’abandi baza nkabaha akazi.
Inkunga ya PRICE
Ubuhinzi Murebwayire akora kuri ubu, yabutewemo inkunga n’Umushinga PRICE (Project for Rural Income through Export) ushinzwe guteza imbere amajyambere y’icyaro binyuze mu Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe iyoherezwa mu mahanga ry’ibikomoka buhunzi (NAEB).
Uyu mushinga uterwa inkunga na IFAD (Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Iterambere ry’Ubuhinzi), watangiye gukorera mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2012, byitezwe ko uzasoza ibikorwa byawo mu Kuboza 2020.
Mu gufasha abahinzi b’icyayi, ikawa, imbuto, imboga, ubuhinzi bw’ibobere n’ubworozi bw’amagweja, uyu mushinga utera inkunga abahinzi n’aborozi batinyuka gufata inguzanyo muri banki ku kigero cya 50%.
Habiyambere Maurice, umukirikiranabikorwa wa PRICE, ati, “utinyutse gufata umwenda tumwongereraho ½ kugira ngo tubashe kongera ibijyanwa mu mahanga”. Bivuze ko iyo banki ikwemereye inguzanyo ya Miliyoni 3, PRICE ikongereraho inkunga ya Miliyoni 3 kugira ngo ubashe gukora umushinga wa Miliyoni 6. Iyo nkunga icishwa mu kigega cy’imari cya Leta, BDF.
Habiyambere asobanura ko Umushinga PRICE “watangiye muri 2012 ku nkunga ya IFAD harimo umwenda Leta yafashe 50% na IFAD ishyiramo 50% y’impano, PRICE ikaba yaratangiranye Miliyoni 53 z’Amadolari.”
Uyu mushinga watangiye ufite gahunda yo kumara imyaka 5, ariko “izo miliyoni 53 twarakoze zirarangira, Leta irongera isaba undi Mwenda kubera ibikorwa aho byari bimaze kugera wa miliyoni 11,3, ubu tugeze ku cyiciro cya kabiri cy’inyongera ya miliyoni 8,5” nk’uko Habiyambere akomeza abisobanura.
Igice kinini gitwara amafaranga menshi muri uyu mushinga, ni ikijyanye na ‘access to finance’ cyangwa se gufasha abahinzi kubona amafaranga yo gushora mu mishinga binyuze mu kubaha amafaranga atishyurwa (impano) no kubafasha kubona inguzanyo muri banki.
Amakuru y’izi nguzanyo n’inkunga akigera mu matwi ya Murebwayire, yayasamiye hejuru. Icyakurikiyeho ni ukwegera ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge wa Gishari, na bwo ntibwamutenguha.
Ati, “Ubundi mbere narikoreraga njyenyine, noneho nza kumva amakuru ko NAEB itanga inkunga, nabanje ku Murenge gitifu arambwira ati ‘ihute ni wowe muntu ukora muri uyu Murenge wa Gishari mfite’, ndagenda tujya mu mahugurwa turayarangiza, batubwira ko dukora imishinga turayikoresha turayirangiza.
NAEB yanteye inkunga ya miliyoni 18 harimo inguzanyo ya miliyoni 9 n’inkunga ya miliyoni 9. Izo z’inguzanyo ni zo zantangiriye ibi ngibi, nyuma (haza) inkunga ya miliyoni 9, narayikoresheje, ibi ubona byo gusasira amatunda, byo gushyiramo abakozi byose ni ayo mafaranga.”
Mu rwego rwo kurushaho kwiteza imbere, Murebwayire w’imyaka 55 y’amavuko yatangiye gahunda zo kwagura ubuhinzi bwe ntahore ahinga amatunda yonyine, agahinga n’ibitunguru ndetse n’ibirayi.
Ati, “Ndimo kugerageza guhinga ibitunguru n’ibirayi, muri ayo mafaranga ya NAEB nafashemo amafaranga njya kuyakodesha umurima wa hegitari enye cyangwa eshatu, ndashaka kuwuhinga ibirayi, undi nshaka guhingamo amatunda nkavanga, nkahinga amatunda avanze n’ibitunguru.”
Intumbero ye muri uko guhinga ibihingwa bitandukanye, nk’umuntu wahawe inkunga n’inguzanyo bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 18, arashaka kubona umusaruro wa nibura miliyoni 36.
Ati, “Nerekeje amaso mu mboga no mu mbuto, ibyo bintu rwose bifite amafaranga, umuntu wese yabikunda, nk’uyu wanjye turabifatanya pe. Umwe aba ari umucungamari, undi yaje gukurikirana ngo hapfuye iki n’iki, ejo tukazana abakozi tukababwira ngo mukore ibi n’ibi kuko hapfuye ibi n’ibi.”
Uyu mugore wabaye umwarimu ku mashuri abanza ya Gishari kuva mu 1980-1994, avuga ko kuri ubu abayeho neza abikesha ubuhinzi bw’amatunda yatangiye adasobanukiwe uko bukorwa.
Mu bufasha PRICE yamuhaye, harimo n’amahugurwa yamubereye ingirakamaro. Ati, “Ibi bintu nabitangiye mfindafinda gusa ari ubwenge bwanjye bumbwira ngo kora iki ngiki kizaguha amafaranga, ariko tuvuye mu mahugurwa nahise mbona ko imbuto ari nziza kandi kuzikora pe ndanoza, ubu naranogeje pe n’uwambwira ngo subira inyuma yaba ampemukiye.”
Ibikorwa bya Murebwayire, hari benshi babyigiraho, na bo bakinjira mu buhinzi bw’amatunda kubera we. Avuga ko amaze kwakira abantu nka 3 baza bamusaba inama akazibaha, abandi bakamusaba imbuto akazibaha ku buntu, abandi akabagurisha.
Amatunda ariko, niba ushaka kuyahinga akaguha umusaruro ufatika hari icyo ukwiye kuzirikana: kuyaba hafi. Murebwayire ati, “Iyo wibeshye ukareba hirya usanga byapfuye. Njyewe rero mbihoramo kenshi, isaha ku isaha, umunota ku munota.”
Yishimira urwego amaze kugeraho mu buhinzi bw’imbuto, ariko akavuga ko agiye abona imbuto y’indobanure byamufasha kuzamura ubuhinzi bwe no guteza imbere umuryango we byisumbuyeho.
Yanditswe na Janvier Popote
