Uhereye mu 1962 ubwo u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge, rumaze kugira amabendera abiri, ibirangantego bibiri n’indirimbo zubahiriza igihugu ebyiri. Ubusanzwe ni ibintu bibaho gake guhindura ibirango by’igihugu kuko binyura mu nzira nyinshi kandi bigasobanura ko igihugu gifashe intego n’umurongo utandukanye n’uwo cyari gifite.
U Rwanda rwagize amateka ashaririye cyane, yaranzwe n’amacakubiri yagejeje kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Guverinoma y’Ubumwe yagiyeho nyuma ya Jenoside yisanze mu ihurizo rikomeye ryo gushaka umurongo uzahuriza hamwe igihugu cyari kimaze gucikamo ibice ku buryo bugaragara.
Guhera mu 1998 kugeza mu 1999, muri Village Urugwiro habereye inama zidasanzwe zari zigamije kwigira hamwe uko igihugu kizabaho mu myaka iri imbere.
Ingingo ivuga ku bumwe bw’abanyarwanda yaganiriweho igihe kinini. Ibirango igihugu cyari gifite byashyizweho ubwo u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge, byatunzwe agatoki cyane, kuba nyirabazana wo gucikamo ibice kw’abanyarwanda aho kubahuza nkuko bikwiriye.
Prof Joseph Nsengimana, ni we wari ukuriye ubunyamabanga bw’izo nama ziswe izo ‘mu Rugwiro’. Nyuma y’iyo nama, yayoboye itsinda ryashinzwe guhindura ibirango by’igihugu nkuko izo nama zari zabyemeje.
Muri Kamena uyu mwaka, yabwiye IGIHE ko muri izo nama bemeranyije ko ibirango u Rwanda rwari rufite bitibonwamo na buri munyarwanda wese.
Ati “Burya ibiranga umuntu mu by’ukuri byerekana icyerecyezo uba ugamije. Twarebye ibendera uko ryari rimeze, tureba Ikirangantego byose byemezaga ya macakubiri. Nk’ibendera mu mabara yaryo, hari aho bavugaga ngo umutuku ni amaraso y’abaparmehutu yamenwe kugira ngo bazahure u Rwanda.”
Raporo y’inama zo mu Rugwiro, igaragaza ko nk’indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu yarataga amatwara y’ishyaka Parmehutu “ikibutsa bamwe uburyo abayoboke ba Parmehutu babatwikiraga inzu, bakica abavandimwe babo, abandi bakabirukana mu gihugu n’ababashije kurokoka ntibemererwa kugaruka.”
Ibendera naryo basanze ririmo ingengabitekerezo ya Parmehutu yo gutanya abanyarwanda, nk’aho “ibara ry’umukara risobanura ko rihagarariye ubucakara bw’imyaka 400 Abahutu bamaze batotezwa n’Abatutsi […] Ikirangantego nacyo kirimo ibikoresho byifashishijwe isenya u Rwanda aribyo umuheto, umwambi n’umuhoro.”
Prof Nsengimana yavuze ko nyuma yo gusesengura ibyo birango, hafashwe umwanzuro wo kubihindura, hagashakishwa ibishyashya buri munyarwanda yibonamo.
Ati “Twemeza ko ibyo birango bigomba kuranga ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda, bigomba gukuramo amacakubiri. Ko n’amabara agomba gutanga icyizere ku banyarwanda.”
Hashyizweho itsinda ryagombaga gukoresha amarushanwa, hagahimba ibirango bishya bikubiyemo icyerecyezo gishya cy’u Rwanda.
Abari bagize iryo tsinda bazengurutse ibice bitandukanye by’igihugu bakoresha amarushanwa.
Nsengimana yagize ati “Twarafunguye dushyiraho ukuntu bizakorwa kugira ngo hoye kubamo kubera. Ari indirimbo, ari ikirango, ibendera nta muntu wagombaga kwandikaho izina rye. Twababwiye ko bakora amabahasha abiri, imwe nini bagashyirano ibikorwa byabo, iya kabiri nto bakayishyira mu ya mbere bakandikaho amazina yabo. Bakabyohereza gutyo.”
“Twafatanga ya bahasha nini tugashyiraho nimero yayo, na ka kandi gato tugashyiraho nimero zisa, ka kandi gato (karimo amazina) kakagenda kakabikwa, noneho ya yindi nini akaba aribyo dushyikiriza akanama nkemurampaka.”
Abatsinze mu guhanga amagambo agize indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu babaye abagororwa bari bafungiye kuri gereza yo ku Karubanda, injyana nyayo Rwanda Nziza ifite uyu munsi yahimbwe na Capt Jean Bosco Hashakimana wo mu muri Army Jazz Band y’ingabo z’u Rwanda, ibendera ry’Igihugu n’Ikirangantego bihimbwa n’umunyabugeni Kilimobenecyo Alphonse.
Prof Nsengimana yavuze ko uburyo amarushanwa yakozwe, byerekanye ko ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda koko bushoboka.
Ati “Ibyavuyemo biratangaje. Nk’indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu amagambo yahimbwe n’abagororwa bo kuri gereza ya Karubanda. Ntitwari tuzi abo aribo na gato. Irushanwa ryo gushaka injyana yayo iya mbere yabaye iy’umwana wo muri Ex Far, umusore wari muri Army Jazz Band.”
Yakomeje avuga ko guhindura ibirango by’igihugu byaciye intege cyane abari bagifite ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, cyane cyane umutwe wa FDLR.
Ati “Icyo gihe FDLR, niba hari ikintu cyahise kibaca intege, ni ihinduka ry’ibendera ry’u Rwanda. Ibirango ni ikintu gikomeye kirema umutima w’igihugu. Imbere mu gihugu abatarabyemeye baragiye, ababyemeye noneho batangira kubishyira mu bikorwa ariko babyumva kimwe.”
Ibyavuye mu marushanwa byashyikirijwe inama y’abaminisitiri bimaze kwemezwa bitangazwa mu igazeti ya Leta.
Tariki ya 1 Mutarama 2002, u Rwanda rwabonye ibirango bishya birimo ibendera ry’igihugu, ikirangantego cya Repubulika n’Indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu bisimbura ibyari bimaze imyaka 39 bikoreshwa kuva mu 1962.
Isooko: Igihe
