Ubwicanyi bukorewe Perezida, Umwami, Minisitiri w’Intebe, cyangwa undi muyobozi mukuru bushegesha igihugu mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.
Ni igikorwa gisiga n’ibikomere mu mitekerereze ya bake cyangwa benshi mu baturage ndetse kikaba cyatuma bagira umutima uhagaze.
Benshi bibuka iteka igihe umuyobozi runaka yiciwe, aho bari bari bamenya iyo nkuru, icyo bakoraga n’ibindi.
Mu kwirinda ibintu byose byahungabanya abaturage bitewe no kwicwa bishobora kuba ku bayobozi bakuru, dore ko uko bagira ababakunda benshi ari na ko bagwiza abanzi, ibihugu byinshi bibashyiriraho uburinzi bwihariye ndetse inzego zishinzwe ubutasi zikababa hafi, zigatahura imigambi y’abashaka kubica cyangwa kubagirira nabi mu bundi buryo ndetse zikaba zishinzwe gukumira ko bene iyo migambi mibisha yashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Gusa, ntibikuraho ishingiro ry’Umugani w’Ikinyarwanda ugira uti, “Agahuru kagusabye amaraso ntuyakarenza.” Uburinzi bukoresheje imbunda nto n’inini, intwaro zitandukanye n’itumanaho bihambaye, amateka agaragaza henshi bitatanze umusaruro, aho abakuru b’ibihugu n’abandi bayobozi bishwe kandi byitwa ko barinzwe kurusha undi muntu uwo ari we wese mu gihugu, rimwe na rimwe bakicwa n’abashinzwe kubarinda, cyangwa se bakicwa n’umuntu wo hanze yabo wabaciye mu rihumye.
Muri iyi nkuru, tugiye kurebera hamwe iby’urupfu rwa John Kennedy, Perezida wa Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika wishwe mu 1963 kugeza uyu munsi urupfu rwe rukaba rutarasobanuka ngo hamenyekane uko umugambi wo kumwica watunganyijwe n’icyari kigamijwe.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy yabaye Perezida wa Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika kuva mu 1961-1963.
Mu mateka y’iki gihugu yanditsemo nka Perezida wa kane wacyo wishwe n’abagizi ba nabi nyuma ya Abraham Lincoln wivuganwe mu 1865, James Garfield wishwe mu 1881, ndetse na William McKinley wahitanwe mu 1901.
Ubutegetsi bwa John Kennedy bwaranzwe n’ibibazo byinshi ku rwego rw’ububanyi n’amahanga birimo gushyamirana na Cuba ya Fidel Castro ndetse n’Intambara yo muri Vietnam.
Kennedy wo mu Ishyaka ry’Aba Democrat yaguye mu Mujyi wa Dallas muri Leta ya Texas. Azwi nk’umuperezida wa mbere w’iki gihugu w’Umugatulika.
Ubutegetsi bwe bwamaze iminsi 1.037. Mu maso ye, abanzi ba mbere b’Amerika buri Munyamerika yasabwaga kurwanya ni igitugu, ubukene n’indwara.
Yibukwa nk’umuntu waharaniye ko Abanyamerika bigenga mu mikorere n’imitekerereze yabo, ariko hejuru y’ibyo akanibukwa nk’umugabo wavuze amagambo asubirwamo n’abayobozi hirya no hino ku Isi iyo bigisha abaturage babo ibijyanye n’uburere mboneragihugu. Yaravuze ati, “Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country”, bivuze ngo “Ntukibaze ngo igihugu kikumariye iki, jya wibaza icyo wowe ukimariye.”
Lee Harvey Oswald ni we washinjwe kwica Perezida Kennedy. Amateka yerekana ko Kennedy yishwe arashwe saa 12:30 ku manywa y’ihangu, ku itariki 22 Ugushyingo 1963, araswa n’umugabo wari uri muri etaje ya gatandatu, arasanwa na Guverineri wa Texas, John Conally, wari mu modoka imwe na Kennedy, imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Limousine.
Lee Oswald amaze kubarasa yafashe taxi yerekeza iwe, mu birometero hafi 2 uvuye aho iri sanganya ryabereye. Ataragera imuhira ariko yahise ahagarikwa n’umupolisi witwa JD Tippit, uyu mupolisi wari kuri patrouille na we umunsi we wa nyuma wari uwo kuko Oswald yahise amurasa, iminota 45 nyuma yo kurasa Umukuru w’Igihugu.
Oswald ariko guhunga kwe ntibyamuhiriye kuko 01:45 yatawe muri yombi asanzwe mu nzu y’imyidagaduro izwi nka Texas Theater, aho yari yihishe.
Iperereza ryaratangiye ngo hamenyekane neza uwarashe Kennedy na Guverineri wa Texas, ariko rizamo umwijima mwinshi kuko Oswald wakekwaga cyane yapfuye nta makuru afatika atanze.
Lee Oswald yari muntu ki?
Lee Harvey Oswald wavutse mu 1939, amateka yerekana ko yafungiwe muri gereza y’abana kubera kwanga ishuri afite imyaka 7 y’amavuko.
Muri icyo gihe abaganga bemeje ko afite ikibazo cyo mu mutwe cyatewe no kubura uburere bukwiye mu muryango we.
Ni umwe mu bantu bize ku mashuri menshi kuko mu myaka mike yamaze ku Isi, 24, yize ku mashuri 22 kuko hari ayo atamaragamo kabiri.
Afite imyaka 17 ni bwo yinjiye mu Ngabo z’Amerika zirwanira mu Mazi. Oswald yagejejwe mu rukiko ubugira kabiri ubwo yari muri izo ngabo, arafungwa.
Yaje kuva muri izi ngabo afata rutemikirere imujyana i Burayi, yifatanya na Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviet zitacanaga uwaka n’Amerika. Hari mu Kwakira 1959.
Yabaye mu gihugu cya Belarus, kimwe mu byari bigize Leta z’Abasoviet, ndetse ashakana n’umugore w’Umurusiyakazi witwa Marina, babyarana umwana.
Muri Kamena 1962 ni bwo yasubiye muri Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika we n’umugore n’umwana wabo, batura muri Dallas, muri Leta ya Texas.
Muri icyo gihe aba muri Texas ni bwo yishe Perezida Kennedy, Kennedy yari mu muhanda agenda n’imodoka ye, mu gihe Oswald yamupimye ahagaze hejuru mu igorofa rya gatandatu ry’inyubako ya Texas School Book Depository, abazi Dallas iyo nyubako yahinduriwe izina uyu munsi yitwa Dallas County Administration Building.
Ku itariki 24 Ugushyingo 1963, ni ukuvuga iminsi ibiri nyuma y’ubwo bwicanyi, aho yari ari muri kasho yo muri kave ku Cyicaro cya Polisi ya Dallas, mbere yo kujyanwa ku biro by’iperereza ngo ahatwe ibibazo yishwe arashwe n’uwitwa Jack Ruby wari ufite akabyiniro hafi aho.
Ruby yaje guhamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica Oswald mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, akatirwa urwo gupfa ariko mu 1966 Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwa Texas rwaje gutesha agaciro icyo gihano, rutegeka ko aburanishwa bundi bushya, ariko mu gihe hataremezwa itariki y’urubanza rushya uyu mugabo arwarira aho yari afungiye, apfa azize indwara z’ubuhumekero zatewe n’ibibazo byo mu bihaha.
Urupfu rwa Kennedy kugeza uyu munsi ruracyari amayobera nubwo iperereza ryerekanye ko yishwe na Oswald.
Ni ibintu bitera Abanyamerika benshi kubyibazaho kuko nubwo inzego za Leta zabyanzuye zityo, Guverineri wa Texas John Conally abishidikanyaho cyane, kandi yari mu modoka imwe na nyakwigendera Kennedy.
Connally yari yicaye imbere ari na we utwaye, Kennedy yicaye inyuma ye. Avuga ko yumvise isasu rya mbere ahita atekereza ko bashobora kuba bagiye kwicwa, avuga ko yahindukiye iburyo ngo arebe Perezida Kennedy ntiyamubona, ahindukiye ngo amurebe anyujije ijisho ku rutugu rw’ibumoso yumva ikintu gikubise Kennedy.
Yabwiye Warren Commission yacukumbuye urupfu rwa Kennedy ati, “Nahise mvuga ngo oh no no no, bagiye kutwica twese.”
Arebye mu gituza cye abona huzuye amaraso, isasu ryarashwe Kennedy mu ijosi ryarambukiranyije rifata Connally, rimwangiza mu rubavu no mu bihaha, uyu yaravuwe arakira ariko Perezida Kennedy we agahuru kari kamusabye amaraso ntiyabashije kukarenga.
Nubwo iperereza ryakozwe mu gihe cy’amezi 10 na Warren Commission ryanzuye ko Oswald w’imyaka 24 y’amavuko ari we wenyine warashe ayo masasu atatu, ikavuga ko nta wundi bari kumwe muri uwo mugambi, Connally we avuga ko adashobora n’isegonda rimwe kwemeranya na Warren Commission.
Si Connally gusa wakemanze raporo ya Warren Commission, hari andi matsinda yavuze ko Kennedy yazize umugambi w’ubugambanyi wacuzwe ku rwego rwa politiki.
Raporo ya Warren Commission yo muri Nzeri 1964 yashyigikiwe n’inzego za Leta zirimo Ishami rya Polisi rya Dallas, Urwego rushinzwe Iperereza FBI, Urwego rushinzwe Ubutasi USSS, ndetse n’Itsinda ry’Abashingamategeko bashyizweho ngo bacukumbure iby’uru rupfu rwa Kennedy.
Ibihamya byatanzwe n’izi nzego ariko, ntacyo bivuze mu maso y’Abanyamerika benshi bizera ko hari imigambi yacuzwe mu ibanga yahitanye Kennedy, ntibemera ko Oswald yamwishe abyibwirije, ku giti cye.
John Kennedy yapfuye afite imyaka 46 y’amavuko.
Yavukiye i Boston muri Leta ya Massachussets, mu mirimo ye ya mbere muri politiki akaba yarabaye Meya wa Boston muri manda ebyiri, uyu mugabo akaba yarigeze no kuba umunyamakuru nubwo uyu mwuga atawurambyemo.
Mbere yo kuba Perezida, Kennedy yabaye mu mitwe yombi y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Amerika izwi nka Congress.
Nyuma yo kuraswa amasasu yamukomerekeje mu mugongo, mu muhogo no mu mutwe, uyu mugabo yajyanwe ku Bitaro bya Parkland Hospital kugira ngo yitabweho mu buryo bwihutirwa ariko ntacyo byatanze kuko yapfuye nyuma y’iminota 30 ahagejejwe.
Oswald byemejwe ko ari we wamurashe, nubwo yapfuye ataratanga amakuru menshi yapfuye yamaze guhakana ko ari we wamwishe, ibyo yavuze, ibyavuzwe na Guverineri wa Texas wari mu modoka imwe na Kennedy araswa, byose byahurizwa hamwe bigatuma Abanyamerika benshi bashidikanya ku kuba Oswald yaba yararashe Kennedy yibwirije.
Johnson wari Visi-Perezida, yahise ayobora Amerika nyuma y’urupfu rwa Kennedy, yihutira gushyiraho President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, komisiyo yashyizweho ngo ishakishe amakuru ku iraswa rya Kennedy.
Raporo y’amapaji 888 y’iyi komisiyo, yemeje ko koko Kennedy na Conally barashwe n’umuntu wari muri etaje ya gatandatu, kandi ko amasasu atatu yose yarashwe yafashe Kennedy, rimwe muri yo rirambukiranya rifata urubavu rwa Connally.
Iyi komisiyo yemeje kandi ko Ruby wasanze Oswald muri Sitasiyo ya Polisi aho yari afungiye akamurasa, nta gihamya yerekana ko yaba yarabifashijwemo n’abapolisi.
Ndetse iyi komisiyo yanzura ko yaba Oswald yaba Ruby, nta n’umwe wari mu mugambi mugari w’ubugambanyi ubwo ari bwo bwose bwo kwica Kennedy.
Gusa iyi komisiyo nubwo yemeje ko Oswald ari we warashe Kennedy, ntiyabashije kwerekana impamvu yamurashe.
Ikusanyamakuru rya Fox News ryo mu mwaka wa 2004 ryagaragaje ko Abanyamerika 66% batekereza ko Kennedy yagambaniwe, ibi ntibiri kure y’ibyavuye mu ikusanyamakuru ry’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Gall Up cyo muri Amerika, ubushakashatsi bwo muri 2013 bw’iki kigo bwerekanye ko 61% by’Abanyamerika batizera ko Kennedy yishwe na Oswald abyibwirije, ahubwo wari umugambi wacuzwe n’abandi bantu.
Itsinda ry’abashingamategeko b’Amerika ryashyizweho mu 1979 na ryo ngo ricukumbure urupfu rwa Kennedy, ryanzuye ko Kennedy yagambaniwe ariko ntiryabasha kugaragaza abandi bantu bari muri uwo mugambi.
Mu migambi 638 yacuzwe n’Amerika yo kwivugana Fidel Castro wayoboraga Cuba, 41 yacuzwe ku butegetsi bwa John Kennedy nubwo nta n’umwe wageze ku ntego yawo.
